It's common across web frameworks to spin up a development server and see the preview of a demo site in your browser. Django gives us the ability to do so.
In this guide, we'll create an app using Django Views and URLs to display the result in a web browser.
Let's get started.
Source code
Find the complete source code in this repository.
Django project setup
Before the project setup, ensure you have Python 3 installed on your local machine. To check, run this command:
python --version // Python 3.11.4
Create a folder
Use the command mkdir to create a new directory.
mkdir first_proj
Next, navigate into the project directory and run the Python virtual environment:
cd first_proj
python -m venv .
Activate the virtual environment (venv)
In the zsh on macOS, run this command to activate the venv.
source ./bin/activate
The terminal should look this:
For other shell command users, check this guide.
Install Django
Using the pip command which comes pre-built when you have Python installed, type this command in your CLI (command line interface):
pip install django
Now, to check Django is present locally, run:
pip list
OR
Creating a project
Run the command below in your root directory that creates a collection of settings for an instance of Django, including database configuration, Django-specific options, and application-specific settings.
django-admin startproject config .
The period (.) represents the folder config creation in the root of the first_proj directory.
Remember to complete this step.
The development server
The last step of the project setup is to verify that your Django project works.
Run the command:
python manage.py runserver
The runserver command starts the development server on port 8000, the internal IP address during development.
Adding URLs and Views
To create URLs and Views, you need to create a Django app. That means a Django project consists of one project in the config and one or more Django apps.
Run this command to create one:
python manage.py startapp my_app
Register the app
Go to the settings.py file in the config folder, and under the installed apps list, add "my_app".
...
INSTALLED_APPS = [
"django.contrib.admin",
"django.contrib.auth",
"django.contrib.contenttypes",
"django.contrib.sessions",
"django.contrib.messages",
"django.contrib.staticfiles",
"my_app",
]
...
How do the URLs and Views work?
A request in Django comes from the urls.py, and if it matches with the endpoints set and the views Python function from the views.py file, it gives the response to the templates to display the result.
A
viewis a Python function or class-based views defined in theviews.pyfile.The
urls.pyfile tells Django the path on our site to call the view.
Let's define some views and URLs.
Open the following files, views.py and urls.py, in the my_app and config folders.
Copy-paste this code:
my_app/views.py
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello world!!!")
def about(request):
return HttpResponse("Visit my page on https://iamteri.tech")
def hello(request, first_name):
return HttpResponse(f"Hello {first_name}")
def calculate(request, num1, num2):
return HttpResponse(f"The total is {num1+num2}")
For each view above, it returns an HttpResponse object containing the content for the requested page.
config/urls.py
...
from my_app.views import index, about, hello, calculate
urlpatterns = [
...,
path("", index),
path("about/", about),
path("hello/<str:first_name>/", hello),
path("calculate/<int:num1>/<int:num2>/", calculate)
]
The code above does the following:
- Import all the defined views function in the
views.pyfile - In the urlpatterns list variable, the path URL maps to each of the Python callback functions (views)
Check the result in the browser.
Once again, restart the development server if it is not running:
python manage.py runserver
Go to the home route, http://127.0.0.1:8000, which should look like this:
Another route using the URL, http://127.0.0.1:8000/calculate/2/3/
Try the others to see the result.
Conclusion
In this tutorial, you've learned how to start a new Django project and now better understand how to display a response using URLs and Views.
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