Problem:
Given two strings str1 and str2. The task is to remove or insert the minimum number of characters from/in str1 so as to transform it into str2. It could be possible that the same character needs to be removed/deleted from one point of str1 and inserted to some another point.
Example 1:
Input: str1 = "heap", str2 = "pea"
Output: 3
Solution:
Intuition : Find the largest common subsequence of the two strings and substract it from
the length of the two strings and finally add the subtractions. i.e. m+n - 2 *lcs(StringA, StringB)
Bottom up Approach(Memoization) :
Time complexity : O(m*n) where is m and n is the length of two strings a and b
space complexity : o(m*n) for using 2d dp and O(m+n) for auxiliary stack space because in worst case we will make m+n recursive calls.
import java.util.*;
public class Solution {
public static int canYouMake(String str, String ptr) {
// Write your code here.
// we will use bottom up approach for solving this problem.
int dp[][] =new int[str.length()][ptr.length()];
for(int row[] : dp){
Arrays.fill(row,-1);
}
return str.length()+ptr.length() - 2 *lcs(str,ptr, str.length()-1, ptr.length()-1,dp);
}
public static int lcs(String str, String ptr, int m,int n,int dp[][]){
if(m<0 || n<0){
return 0;
}
if(dp[m][n]!=-1) return dp[m][n];
if(str.charAt(m)==ptr.charAt(n)){
dp[m][n] = 1 + lcs(str,ptr,m-1,n-1,dp);
}
else{
dp[m][n] = 0 + Integer.max(lcs(str,ptr,m-1,n,dp), lcs(str,ptr,m,n-1,dp));
}
return dp[m][n];
}
}
Top Down Approach(Tabulation) :
Time complexity : O(m*n) where is m and n is the length of two strings a and b
space complexity : o(m*n) for using 2d dp
class Solution
{
public int minOperations(String str1, String str2)
{
// we will use top down approach to solve this
int dp[][] =new int[str1.length()+1][str2.length()+1];
for(int i =0;i<=str1.length();i++){
dp[i][0] = 0;
}
for(int i =0;i<=str2.length();i++){
dp[0][i] = 0;
}
for(int i =1;i<=str1.length();i++){
for(int j =1;j<=str2.length();j++){
if(str1.charAt(i-1)==str2.charAt(j-1)){
dp[i][j] = 1 + dp[i-1][j-1];
}
else dp[i][j] = Integer.max(dp[i-1][j],dp[i][j-1]);
}
}
return str1.length() + str2.length() - 2 * dp[str1.length()][str2.length()];
}
}
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