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Thomas Hansen
Thomas Hansen

Posted on • Originally published at aista.com

Hyperlambda course 101

#beginners #programming #tutorial #codenewbie

We have just created a full Hyperlambda course, where the objective is to bring you up to a full understanding of Hyperlambda in one day. The course is given as a series of YouTube videos, where I show some aspect of Hyperlambda, allowing you to repeat what I am doing, and solve exercises as we proceed. The course starts out with the hello world Hyperlambda app, but rapidly proceeds to complex subjects such as how to create code that maintains code and multi threaded programming. You can find the entire Hyperlambda course here.

Index

  • Session 1 – Hello World, Hyperlambda syntax, and the evaluator
  • Session 2 – How the Machine Creates the Code
  • Session 3 – Changing your tree with expressions and slots
  • Session 4 – Dynamic slots and executing Hyperlambda files
  • Session 5 – Multi Threaded Programming Constructs
  • Session 6 – The Angular LowCode CRUD generator
  • Session 7 – Authentication, Authorisation, JWT and RBAC
  • Session 8 – Analysing the CRUD generator’s output
  • Session 9 – Create a custom Authentication endpoint
  • Session 10 – Creating a Custom Authentication Endpoint
  • Session 11 – The [unwrap] slot
  • Session 12 – Create a CRM Exercise
  • Session 13 – Implementing a CRM System
  • Session 14 – Create a Task Management System
  • Session 15 – Creating a Task Management System
  • Session 16 – What can you use Hyperlambda for?
  • Session 17 – Record Slicing in Hyperlambda
  • Session 18 – Database and SQL slots
  • Session 19 – Branching and Looping
  • Session 20 – When the Machine Speaks with the Machine
  • Session 21 – Web Sockets in Hyperlambda
  • Session 22 – Create a Chat Client
  • Session 23 – Automatically Generated Unit Tests
  • Session 24 – Create a web API with SQL
  • Session 25 – Interceptors

Hyperlambda code

Below you can find some of the snippets and HTTP endpoints I am creating during the course. To understand what they do, please watch the above video course, and refer back to the relevant snippet when I’m using it in the course.

tutorial-01-01

.foo
   foo1:bar1
   foo2:bar2
   foo3:bar3
.foo2
   foo4:bar4
      foo5:bar5
.dest
for-each:x:@.foo/*
   add:x:@.dest
      get-nodes:x:@.dp/#
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tutorial-02-01

.lambda
   http.get:"https://microsoft.com"
   if
      eq:x:@http.get
         .:int:200
      .lambda
         log.info:Microsoft.com seems to be fine!
   else
      log.error:Microsoft.com is NOT OK!!
lambda2hyper:x:@.lambda/*
data.connect:code
   data.create
      table:snippets
      values
         content:x:@lambda2hyper
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tutorial-02-02

.lambda
data.connect:code
   data.read
      table:snippets
      columns
         content
      limit:-1
   for-each:x:@data.read/*/*
      add:x:@.lambda
         hyper2lambda:x:@.dp/#
eval:x:@.lambda
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tutorial-02-03

/*
 * Script that formats all Hyperlambda files recursively within
 * the specified folder.
 */
.folder:/modules/northwind/
io.file.list-recursively:x:-
for-each:x:-/*
   if
      strings.ends-with:x:@.dp/#
         .:.hl
      .lambda
         io.file.load:x:@.dp/#
         hyper2lambda:x:-
            comments:true
         remove-nodes:x:@hyper2lambda/*/auth.ticket.verify
         lambda2hyper:x:@hyper2lambda/*
            comments:true
         io.file.save:x:@.dp/#
            get-value:x:@lambda2hyper
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tutorial-02-04

/*
 * Script that formats all Hyperlambda files recursively within
 * the specified folder.
 */
.folder:/modules/northwind/
io.file.list-recursively:x:-
for-each:x:-/*
   if
      strings.ends-with:x:@.dp/#
         .:.hl
      .lambda
         io.file.load:x:@.dp/#
         hyper2lambda:x:-
            comments:true
         insert-before:x:@hyper2lambda/*/data.connect
            .
               auth.ticket.verify:admin, root, guest, foo-bar
         lambda2hyper:x:@hyper2lambda/*
            comments:true
         io.file.save:x:@.dp/#
            get-value:x:@lambda2hyper
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tutorial-04-01

slots.create:foo
   math.add:x:@.arguments/0
      get-value:x:@.arguments/1
   return:x:-
tutorial-04-02

slots.create:foo
   math.add:x:@.arguments/0
      get-value:x:@.arguments/1
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tutorial-05-01

/*
 * Creates 4 fire and forget threads.
 */
fork
   http.get:"https://aista.com"
fork
   http.get:"http://microsoft.com"
fork
   http.get:"https://google.com"
fork
   http.get:"https://dzone.com"

/*
 * Creates 4 threads and waits for all threads to return
 * before it proceeds.
 */
join
   fork
      http.get:"https://aista.com"
   fork
      http.get:"http://microsoft.com"
   fork
      http.get:"https://google.com"
   fork
      http.get:"https://dzone.com"

/*
 * Creates 4 sequentially invoked HTTP GET invocations.
 */
http.get:"https://aista.com"
http.get:"http://microsoft.com"
http.get:"https://google.com"
http.get:"https://dzone.com"
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tutorial-05-02

// Thread number 1, loads a file, concatenates to it, and saves the file again.
fork
   .lambda1
      semaphore:semaphore-thread
         io.file.load:/foo.txt
         strings.concat
            get-value:x:@io.file.load
            .:"Appended by lambda object 1\r\n"
         io.file.save:/foo.txt
            get-value:x:@strings.concat
   eval:x:@.lambda1

// Thread number 2, loads a file, concatenates to it, and saves the file again.
fork
   .lambda2
      semaphore:semaphore-thread
         io.file.load:/foo.txt
         strings.concat
            get-value:x:@io.file.load
            .:"Appended by lambda object 2\r\n"
         io.file.save:/foo.txt
            get-value:x:@strings.concat
   eval:x:@.lambda2
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HTTP endpoints

Below you can find the Hyperlambda HTTP endpoints I am creating during the course.

tutorial01.get.hl

.arguments
   name:string
   age:int

strings.concat
   .:"Hello there "
   get-value:x:@.arguments/*/name
   .:", you are "
   get-value:x:@.arguments/*/age
   .:" years old"

unwrap:x:+/*
return
   result:x:@strings.concat
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tutorial02.get.hl

.foo
   foo1:bar1
   foo2:bar2
   foo3:bar3
.foo2
   foo4:bar4
      foo5:bar5
.dest
for-each:x:@.foo/*
   add:x:@.dest
      get-nodes:x:@.dp/#
lambda2hyper:x:../*
log.info:x:-
return:x:@.dest/*
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tutorial03.get.hl

/*
 * Example of how to secure your API endpoint using JWT and
 * the internals of Hyperlambda's JWT token slots.
 */

// Throws an exception unless user belongs to root or admin role.
auth.ticket.verify:root, admin

return
   result:Hello World from a secure endpoint
tutorial04.get.hl

.data
   foo1:bar1
   foo2:bar2

unwrap:x:+/*
return
   value1:x:@.data/*/foo1
   value2:x:@.data/*/foo2
tutorial05.get.hl

.arguments
   name:string

if
   eq:x:@.arguments/*/name
      .:Thomas
   .lambda
      return
         result:Hi boss!
else-if
   eq:x:@.arguments/*/name
      .:John
   .lambda
      return
         result:Hi John!
else
   return
      result:Hi stranger!
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tutorial06.post.hl

/*
 * Allows the caller to (securely) pass in Hyperlambda to
 * our endpoint and execute it, allowing the caller to
 * specify the logic to execute, and what data to return.
 */
.arguments
   body:*
.accept:application/hyperlambda

// Loading Hyperlambda from [body] argument.
io.stream.read:x:@.arguments/*/body

// Ensuring we return raw Hyperlambda to caller.
response.headers.set
   Content-Type:application/hyperlambda

// Transforming to Hyperlambda and adding lambda into [.lambda] object.
add:x:+/*/.lambda
   hyper2lambda:x:@io.stream.read

// [whitelist] invocation preventing malicious slots from being executed.
whitelist

   // Slots caller is allowed to invoke.
   vocabulary
      add
      insert-before
      insert-after
      set-value
      set-name
      vocabulary
      slots.vocabulary
      for-each
      while
      if
      else-if
      else
      strings.concat
      return
      return-nodes
      unwrap
   .lambda

// Returning lambda object to caller.
lambda2hyper:x:@whitelist/*
return:x:-
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interceptor.hl

data.connect:crm
   .interceptor
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foo.get.hl

data.select:select * from status
return:x:-/*
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