Artificial Intelligence
When any machine, often a computer, performs tasks that only a human being can do which require human intelligence, following certain set of rules, is often termed to be artificially intelligent.
Example
AI is used in various domains, for example in healthcare an AI based disease detector can be developed based on the past historical clinical data from many individuals.
Machine Learning
Machine learning and AI aren't different, it is a subset of AI. It helps systems with the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience. Earlier when AI was new, developers have to define their own algorithm for training the application. But nowadays, there are n number of problem specific algorithms developed and documented by experts , which can be adapted to similar problems of ours. Example : Linear Regression, K-means etc..
Example
When we develop a grocery ordering application, we will keep on training the application to anticipate customer behaviour from their activity, which in turn can be used to provide the customer the best experience by means of best deals and suggestions.
ANN(Artificial Neural Networks)
It is a system or network which is designed to simulate the way a human brain thinks, analyse and process information(data). There are problems which cannot be solved by traditional machine learning algorithms, these problems are also highly impossible to be solved by human beings. Such problems can be solved by designing ANN. An example could be handwriting recognition.
Deep Learning
Deep Learning is again a subset of Machine Learning. It uses artificial neural networks to analyse different factors with a structure that is similar to the human neural system.
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