Originally published at deepu.tech.
I was a long-time Windows user, a fairly happy one, but as a developer, there were a lot of things that were missing for me and one of the main was the terminal experience. I'm not a fan of the closed ecosystem of Apple so GNU/Linux was an easy choice for me and I switched to Linux almost 3 years ago. I did start out with Ubuntu and later switched to Fedora which is my primary OS now. You can read about my setup here
As a senior developer and open source community lead, I spent a lot of time on the terminal and a terminal with a nice developer experience instantly makes you happier and more productive. The default bash terminal is good for beginners but if you really want a powerful terminal you need something more than bash.
Let's see how to configure a powerful and productive terminal experience. The setup is based on what I have configured on my Fedora machine. The same setup can be recreated on any other Linux distribution, BSD or Mac as well. You just need to use the installation instruction from the tools for the given platform.
Below are the tools we would need for this.
Zsh
Zsh is one of the most feature-rich shells for Unix. It works on Linux, Mac, WSL, and BSD. There are alternatives like Fish which also offers similar features but I personally like Zsh.
- Check if Zsh is already installed by running
zsh --version
on your terminal. If not found, install it using your package manager.
- Fedora:
sudo dnf install zsh
- Mac:
brew install zsh zsh-completions
- RHEL/CentOS:
sudo yum update && sudo yum -y install zsh
- Ubuntu/Debian:
sudo apt install zsh
- For other platform refer this
- Now make Zsh your default shell by running
chsh -s $(which zsh)
. - Log out and log in back again to use your new default shell.
- Test that it worked with echo
$SHELL
. Expected result:/bin/zsh
or similar. - Test with
$SHELL --version
. Expected result:zsh 5.6.2
or similar
Note: If you have installed Zsh for the first time and launch the shell it would prompt you to configure some settings. You can choose to ignore that by hitting q
as we will configure it later on.
Oh-My-Zsh
Oh-My-Zsh gives the Zsh shell superpowers. Its a framework to manage Zsh configuration. It has plugins and themes for Zsh(A lot of them).
From their Github page:
Once installed, your terminal shell will become the talk of the town or your money back! With each keystroke in your command prompt, you'll take advantage of the hundreds of powerful plugins and beautiful themes. Strangers will come up to you in cafés and ask you, "that is amazing! are you some sort of genius?"
Just install it. You need it :)
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
Terminal emulator/multiplexer
Optionally you can use a Terminal emulator that can manage windows and panes for you.
For Linux I would recommend using Tilix, I have been using it for 3 years and its just amazing.
For Mac, you can use iTerm2 which is very popular.
Alternatively, you can also use tmux if you want something lighter on your existing Terminal app on Linux, BSD or Mac.
Configuring Zsh
This is the fun part. Let us make the terminal awesome.
Install plugins
First, let us install some additional plugins that are not bundled with Oh-My-Zsh.
zsh-autosuggestions
Provides auto completion for shell commands.
Run git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
to install
zsh-syntax-highlighting
Provides syntax highlighting on the shell.
Run git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
to install
autojump
Provides a smarter directory navigation system.
Install autojump for your OS following instructions here.
Now let us configure the ~/.zshrc
file with some settings. Here is my full .zshrc
file. Your mileage may vary.
Add exports
We will start with some exports.
export TERM="xterm-256color" # This sets up colors properly
# set shell
export SHELL=/usr/bin/zsh
# If you come from bash you might have to change your $PATH.
export NODE_PATH=$NODE_PATH:$HOME/.npm-global/lib/node_modules
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:~/.npm-global/bin:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
# Add exports from your profile
source ~/.profile
# Path to your oh-my-zsh installation.
export ZSH=$HOME/.oh-my-zsh
Zsh settings
Now we can configure some Zsh specific settings
DISABLE_MAGIC_FUNCTIONS=true
ZSH_AUTOSUGGEST_MANUAL_REBIND=1
COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS=true
DISABLE_UNTRACKED_FILES_DIRTY=true
Zsh theme
Now, Let's set up a nice theme. I'm using powerlevel10k as my current theme and it's fast and looks great. You can use the default or you can choose any theme you like from the list here. If you like my theme then follow these instructions. Thanks to Roman Perepelitsa for some cool tips
Run git clone https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k
to install the theme.
Install a Powerline font. I use Adobe Source Code Pro
Add the below configuration to the ~/.zshrc
file.
# Set name of the theme to load. Optionally, if you set this to "random"
# it'll load a random theme each time that oh-my-zsh is loaded.
# See https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Themes
ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"
############ POWERLEVEL THEME SETTINGS ##############
POWERLEVEL9K_MODE='awesome-fontconfig'
POWERLEVEL9K_LEFT_PROMPT_ELEMENTS=(dir vcs nvm)
POWERLEVEL9K_RIGHT_PROMPT_ELEMENTS=(disk_usage time)
POWERLEVEL9K_PROMPT_ADD_NEWLINE=true
POWERLEVEL9K_PROMPT_ON_NEWLINE=true
POWERLEVEL9K_SHOW_RULER=true
POWERLEVEL9K_RULER_CHAR='─'
POWERLEVEL9K_RULER_BACKGROUND=none
POWERLEVEL9K_RULER_FOREGROUND=237
POWERLEVEL9K_LEFT_SEGMENT_END_SEPARATOR=
POWERLEVEL9K_LEFT_SEGMENT_SEPARATOR=
POWERLEVEL9K_LEFT_SUBSEGMENT_SEPARATOR=' '
POWERLEVEL9K_RIGHT_SEGMENT_END_SEPARATOR=
POWERLEVEL9K_RIGHT_SEGMENT_SEPARATOR=
POWERLEVEL9K_RIGHT_SUBSEGMENT_SEPARATOR=
POWERLEVEL9K_WHITESPACE_BETWEEN_LEFT_SEGMENTS=
POWERLEVEL9K_SHORTEN_DIR_LENGTH=2
POWERLEVEL9K_SHORTEN_STRATEGY="truncate_middle"
POWERLEVEL9K_DIR_SHOW_WRITABLE=true
POWERLEVEL9K_DISK_USAGE_NORMAL_BACKGROUND=none
POWERLEVEL9K_DISK_USAGE_WARNING_BACKGROUND=magenta
POWERLEVEL9K_DISK_USAGE_CRITICAL_BACKGROUND=red
POWERLEVEL9K_TIME_BACKGROUND=none
POWERLEVEL9K_TIME_FOREGROUND=white
POWERLEVEL9K_DIR_HOME_BACKGROUND=none
POWERLEVEL9K_DIR_HOME_SUBFOLDER_BACKGROUND=none
POWERLEVEL9K_DIR_ETC_BACKGROUND=none
POWERLEVEL9K_DIR_DEFAULT_BACKGROUND=none
POWERLEVEL9K_DIR_NOT_WRITABLE_BACKGROUND=none
POWERLEVEL9K_DIR_HOME_FOREGROUND=blue
POWERLEVEL9K_DIR_HOME_SUBFOLDER_FOREGROUND=blue
POWERLEVEL9K_DIR_ETC_FOREGROUND=blue
POWERLEVEL9K_DIR_DEFAULT_FOREGROUND=blue
POWERLEVEL9K_DIR_NOT_WRITABLE_FOREGROUND=red
POWERLEVEL9K_OS_ICON_BACKGROUND="white"
POWERLEVEL9K_OS_ICON_FOREGROUND="blue"
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_GIT_ICON='%fon %F{040}\uf1d3 '
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_GIT_GITHUB_ICON='%fon %F{040}\uf09b '
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_GIT_BITBUCKET_ICON='%fon %F{040}\uf171 '
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_GIT_GIT_GITLAB_ICON='%fon %F{040}\uf296 '
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_CLEAN_BACKGROUND=none
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_UNTRACKED_BACKGROUND=none
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_MODIFIED_BACKGROUND=none
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_LOADING_BACKGROUND=none
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_CLEAN_FOREGROUND="040"
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_UNTRACKED_FOREGROUND="red"
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_MODIFIED_FOREGROUND="yellow"
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_LOADING_FOREGROUND="grey"
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_UNTRACKED_ICON=$'%{\b?%}'
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_UNSTAGED_ICON=$'%{\b!%}'
POWERLEVEL9K_VCS_STAGED_ICON=$'%{\b+%}'
POWERLEVEL9K_DIR_NOT_WRITABLE_VISUAL_IDENTIFIER_COLOR=red
POWERLEVEL9K_LOCK_ICON=$'\uf023'
POWERLEVEL9K_MULTILINE_FIRST_PROMPT_PREFIX=''
local p='%F{ %(?.green.red)}${${${KEYMAP:-0}:#vicmd}:+❯}${${$((!${#${KEYMAP:-0}:#vicmd})):#0}:+❮}%f '
POWERLEVEL9K_MULTILINE_LAST_PROMPT_PREFIX="$p"
POWERLEVEL9K_NVM_BACKGROUND=none
POWERLEVEL9K_NVM_FOREGROUND=green
POWERLEVEL9K_NODE_ICON='%fvia %F{green}⬢'
############ END- POWERLEVEL THEME SETTINGS ##############
Enable plugins
We can finish off by enabling the plugins and some tweaks
plugins=(zsh-autosuggestions git docker docker-compose autojump zsh-syntax-highlighting dnf npm)
source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh
And that's it we are ready. Start a new terminal session and enjoy.
Issues & workarounds
If you use Tilix as your terminal emulator, then this might be required for proper pane splitting. Add this to your ~/.zshrc
if [[ $TILIX_ID ]]; then
source /etc/profile.d/vte.sh
fi
If you are getting errors from the zsh-completion plugin, you might want to add this to the beginning of your ~/.zshrc
# workaround as per https://superuser.com/questions/1222867/zsh-completion-functions-broken
FPATH=$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/git:$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/functions:$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/completions:/usr/share/zsh/site-functions:/usr/share/zsh/$ZSH_VERSION/functions
export FPATH
If you encounter an error from Oh-My-Zsh saying [oh-my-zsh] Insecure completion-dependent directories detected
, set ZSH_DISABLE_COMPFIX=true
right before the line source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh
in your ~/.zshrc
file and restart your session or run exec zsh
Dockerized playground.
If you have Docker installed then you can use the below snippet to try this setup in a sandbox without installing anything or affecting your existing setup.
docker run -e LANG=C.UTF-8 -e LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 -e TERM=$TERM -it --rm ubuntu bash -uexc '
apt update && apt install -y git curl zsh autojump && cd /root
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)" --skip-chsh --unattended
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
git clone https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k
curl -fsSLO http://bit.ly/Spaceship10kTheme
echo "source ~/Spaceship10kTheme" >~/.zshrc
exec zsh'
VSCode Tip
If you are using VSCode like me, you might want to do the below to get the same terminal experience in the integrated VSCode terminal as well.
Follow these steps
- Download and install a patched font.
- On Linux, run
fc-cache -f -v
to refresh font cache. - On VSCode, open Preferences → Settings and click on the
{}
icon to open JSON mode and set the below
"terminal.integrated.shell.linux": "/usr/bin/zsh",
"terminal.integrated.fontFamily": "'SauceCodePro Nerd Font Mono','Source Code Pro'",
"terminal.integrated.rightClickCopyPaste": true,
"terminal.integrated.fontSize": 14,
"terminal.integrated.cursorStyle": "underline",
"terminal.integrated.cursorBlinking": true
Replace linux
with osx
if you are on a Mac.
I hope you like it. If you have any questions or if you think I missed something please add a comment.
If you like this article, please leave a like or a comment.
Top comments (16)
Hi Deepu, Thank you for sharing. Must say great terminal setup and article. Using it on pantheon terminal as I am using elementary OS. Although there is a minor font issue for which I am not getting much time to resolve. Anyway, Thank you again.
Page content error:
Thank you for notifying me. Fixed it
Hey, I have the same problem. Could you tell me how you fixed it?
Look for liquid template tags in code blocks
Heavy user of Zsh myself, I really love it.
Didn't know about autojump. That is indeed a nice piece of software.
I am going to use it pretty extensively I guess. :-)
Glad you liked it
I heard zsh works on Windows too. Would all the above apply?
I think yes, I haven't tried but I have seen some people doing similar stuff on Windows
I didn't thought of the VSCode tip, thanks!
Great article. Tilix is indeed Awesome ;)
Thank you
Very very helpful , thanks for sharing
My pleasure
how to uninstall in macosx
I think newer versions of Mac has ZSH pre-installed but if you installed using brew, you should be able to uninstall with
brew uninstall --force zsh zsh-completions
For oh-my-zsh just delete
~/.oh-my-zsh
folder