Colin Kiama

Posted on Jul 9, 2023 • Updated on Aug 13, 2023 • Originally published at colinkiama.com

Making Four-In-A-Row Using JavaScript - Part 9: Play Again (Finale)

#javascript #games #gamedev #tutorial

Intro

In the previous blog post, you added the status area to the game. Players and spectators now clearly understand what's happening at any time during gameplay.

In this post, you'll add the ability to restart the game without having to refresh your browser.

You'll do this by adding a "Play Again" button to the game.

What Is The Play Again Button?

Let's take one more look at the mockup of the finished game:

The "Play Again" button is a button that:

Is only visible when the game ends (a player wins or the game ends in a draw).
Restarts the game and disappears when clicked on.

Creating The PlayAgainButton class

Just like the other components you've added so far, the "Play Again" button is also a game object.

In the src/components directory, create a file create a file called PlayAgainButton.js.

In that file, create a class called PlayAgainButton that extends from GameObject:

import GameObject from "./GameObject.js";

export default class PlayAgainButton extends GameObject {

}

You are also going to need some constants specific to this component too. Import PlayAgainButtonConfig:

import GameObject from "./GameObject.js";
import { PlayAgainButtonConfig } from "../constants/index.js";

export default class PlayAgainButton extends GameObject {

}

Next, add the drawing logic for the button's background. Add renderBackground() to the PlayAgainButton class:

export default class PlayAgainButton extends GameObject {
    renderBackground() {
        const backgroundGradient = this.context.createLinearGradient(this.x, this.y, this.x, this.y + this.height);
        backgroundGradient.addColorStop(0, PlayAgainButtonConfig.BACKGROUND_START_COLOR);
        backgroundGradient.addColorStop(1, PlayAgainButtonConfig.BACKGROUND_END_COLOR);

        this.context.fillStyle = backgroundGradient;
        this.context.strokeStyle = `${PlayAgainButtonConfig.BORDER_WIDTH}px black`;
        this.context.fillRect(this.x, this.y, this.width, this.height);
        this.context.strokeRect(this.x, this.y, this.width, this.height);
    }    
}

Then, override the clear() method from GameObject to also take into account the button's borders:

export default class PlayAgainButton extends GameObject {
    // ..

    clear() {
        const clearRectX = this.x - PlayAgainButtonConfig.BORDER_WIDTH;
        const clearRectY = this.y - PlayAgainButtonConfig.BORDER_WIDTH;
        const clearRectWidth = this.width + PlayAgainButtonConfig.BORDER_WIDTH * 2;
        const clearRectHeight = this.height + PlayAgainButtonConfig.BORDER_WIDTH * 2;

        this.context.clearRect(clearRectX, clearRectY, clearRectWidth, clearRectHeight);
    }
}

Now to add text to the button, add renderText() to the PlayAgainButton class:

export default class PlayAgainButton extends GameObject {
    // ..

    renderText() {
        this.context.fillStyle = "white";
        this.context.font = "16px Arial";
        this.context.textAlign = "center";
        this.context.textBaseline = "top";

        const textMetrics = this.context.measureText(PlayAgainButtonConfig.TEXT);
        const textHeight = textMetrics.actualBoundingBoxDescent;

        // Calculation ensures that text is displayed at the vertical center of the button
        const finalTextY = this.y + (this.height / 2) - textHeight / 2;

        this.context.fillText(PlayAgainButtonConfig.TEXT, this.x + PlayAgainButtonConfig.WIDTH / 2, finalTextY);
    }
}

Add the render() method to the PlayAgainButton class:

export default class PlayAgainButton extends GameObject {
    render() {
        this.context.save();
        this.renderBackground();
        this.context.restore();

        this.context.save();
        this.renderText();
        this.context.restore();
    }

    // ..
}

Rendering The Button

You'll now add the "Play Again" button to the game.
First, add the PlayAgainButton class to src/components/index.js so that it can be imported from there:

import Board from "./Board.js";
import StatusArea from './StatusArea.js';
import PlayAgainButton from "./PlayAgainButton.js";


export { Board, StatusArea, PlayAgainButton };

Now switch to src/FrontEnd.js. Import PlayAgainButton and PlayAgainButtonConfig:

import { FrontEndConfig, BoardConfig, StatusAreaConfig, StatusMessages, PlayAgainButtonConfig } from "./constants/index.js";
import { Board, StatusArea, PlayAgainButton } from "./components/index.js";
import { Constants } from "./gameLogic/index.js";

export default class FrontEnd {
    // ..
}

Add the playAgainButton field to the FrontEnd class:

export default class FrontEnd {
    game;
    canvas;
    width;
    height;
    context;
    board;
    statusArea;
    playAgainButton;
    gameOver;

    // ..
}

Then add createPlayAgainButton() to the FrontEnd class:

export default class FrontEnd {
    // ..

    createPlayAgainButton() {
        let buttonX = this.width / 2 - PlayAgainButtonConfig.WIDTH / 2;
        let buttonY = this.height - PlayAgainButtonConfig.MARGIN_BOTTOM;
        let button = new PlayAgainButton(this.context, buttonX, buttonY, PlayAgainButtonConfig.WIDTH, PlayAgainButtonConfig.HEIGHT);
        button.render();
        return button;
    }
}

In the start() method, set the playAgainButton field to the value returned from createPlayAgainButton():

export default class FrontEnd {
    // ..

    start() {
        this.statusArea = this.createStatusArea();
        this.board = this.createBoard();
        this.playAgainButton = this.createPlayAgainButton();

        document.body.addEventListener('click', (clickEvent) => {
            this.board.handleClick(clickEvent);
        });
    }
}

If you check the game in your browser with a server running, you'll see the "Play Again" button on the canvas:

It's great that the button shows up but nothing happens when you click on it. It's not supposed to show up at this stage of the game either 😂️. You'll fix these problems next.

Handling Input

The "Play Again" button is only supposed to be visible when the game ends. Also, the PlayAgainButton class handles clicks similarly to the Board class.

To get started with this, go back to src/components/PlayAgainButton.js. Add the buttonClicked and isEnabled fields to the PlayAgainButton class:

export default class PlayAgainButton extends GameObject {
    buttonClicked;
    isEnabled;

    // ..
}

Then add a constructor to the PlayAgainButton class. It will call the parent constructor and then set the isEnabled field to false:

export default class PlayAgainButton extends GameObject {
    constructor(context, x, y, width, height) {
        super(context, x, y, width, height);
        this.isEnabled = false;
    }

    // ..
}

Update render() so that it sets the isEnabled field to true at the end:

export default class PlayAgainButton extends GameObject {
    // .. 

    render() {
        this.context.save();
        this.renderBackground();
        this.context.restore();

        this.context.save();
        this.renderText();
        this.context.restore();

        this.isEnabled = true;
    }
}

To set the logic to run when the button is clicked, add setClickHandler() to the PlayAgainButton class:

export default class PlayAgainButton extends GameObject {
    // ..

    setClickHandler(handler) {
        this.buttonClicked = handler;
    }
}

Add handleClick() to process the click events that will be passed in:

export default class PlayAgainButton extends GameObject {
    // ..

    handleClick(clickEvent) {
        if (!this.isEnabled) {
            return;
        }

        const wasButtonClicked = clickEvent.offsetX >= this.x
            && clickEvent.offsetX <= this.x + this.width
            && clickEvent.offsetY >= this.y
            && clickEvent.offsetY <= this.y + this.height;

        if (!wasButtonClicked) {
            return;
        }

        this.buttonClicked();
    }
}

It checks if the location where a player has clicked was actually within the bounds of the button.

There's one more thing to add to the PlayAgainButton class now. It's the hide() method:

export default class PlayAgainButton extends GameObject {
    // ..

    hide() {
        this.isEnabled = false;
        this.clear();
    }
}

There are quite a few things you've added to the PlayAgainButton class. Similar to when you handled clicks on the board, it will all make sense after making use of these changes in the FrontEnd class.

In the FrontEnd class, update the start() method so that the click event handler callback also calls handleClick() on the playAgainButton field with the click event passed in:

export default class FrontEnd {
    // .. 

    start() {
        this.statusArea = this.createStatusArea();
        this.board = this.createBoard();
        this.playAgainButton = this.createPlayAgainButton();

        document.body.addEventListener('click', (clickEvent) => {
            this.board.handleClick(clickEvent);
            this.playAgainButton.handleClick(clickEvent);
        });
    }
}

Then in processMoveResult(), call render() on the playAgainButton field if the game is over:

export default class FrontEnd {
    // .. 
    processMoveResult(moveResult) {
        if (this.gameOver || moveResult.status.value === Constants.MoveStatus.INVALID) {
            return;
        }

        const indicatorColor = this.determineIndicatorColor(moveResult);

        this.statusArea.render(indicatorColor, this.pickStatusMessage(moveResult.status.value))
        this.board.render(this.game.currentBoard);


        if (moveResult.status.value === Constants.MoveStatus.WIN || moveResult.status.value === Constants.MoveStatus.DRAW) {
            this.gameOver = true;
        }

        if (this.gameOver) {
            this.playAgainButton.render();
        }
    }
}

Also, import FourInARowGame:

import { FrontEndConfig, BoardConfig, StatusAreaConfig, StatusMessages, PlayAgainButtonConfig } from "./constants/index.js";
import { Board, StatusArea, PlayAgainButton } from "./components/index.js";
import { Constants, FourInARowGame } from "./gameLogic/index.js";


export default class FrontEnd {
    // ..
}

Then, add a reset() method to the FrontEnd class:

export default class FrontEnd {
    // ..

    reset() {
        this.game = new FourInARowGame();
        this.gameOver = false;

        this.playAgainButton.hide();
        this.statusArea.render(this.game.currentTurn, this.pickStatusMessage(this.game.status));
        this.board.render(this.game.currentBoard);
    }
}

This is the main method that restarts the game.

Lastly, in createPlayAgainButton(), remove the call to render() on button and call setClickHandler() on button. Call reset() in the callback:

export default class FrontEnd {
    // ..

    createPlayAgainButton() {
        let buttonX = this.width / 2 - PlayAgainButtonConfig.WIDTH / 2;
        let buttonY = this.height - PlayAgainButtonConfig.MARGIN_BOTTOM;
        let button = new PlayAgainButton(this.context, buttonX, buttonY, PlayAgainButtonConfig.WIDTH, PlayAgainButtonConfig.HEIGHT);
        button.setClickHandler(() => this.reset());
        return button;
    }
}

Now if you check the game in your browser with a server running, you'll have a fully playable four-in-a-row game that you can replay after completing a game.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You've finished the game. Feel free to modify it however you like. Maybe change how some of the components look? You could add animations too!

The source code of the game is available here: https://github.com/colinkiama/four-in-a-row-walkthrough

Thanks for reading!

DEV Community

Making Four-In-A-Row Using JavaScript - Part 9: Play Again (Finale)

Intro

What Is The Play Again Button?

Creating The PlayAgainButton class

Rendering The Button

Handling Input

Conclusion

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