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Shivam Sharma
Shivam Sharma

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Hybrid App Development: Comparison among React Native, Ionic and Flutter

I am a web developer and performed this research in May 2021 for my organization. We currently have separate Android, iOS, and web teams. We thought to create a new platform that can be served as a separate website and can be embedded into the current website and native apps. We were not trying to build and launch a separate App. So below R&D is done keeping that thing in mind. I thought it should be shared with the community so here it is.

I have compared them from a web developer's point of view and provided medals(Gold, Silver, Bronze) which is purely based on my understanding and my scenario, it can be different for you.

So get ready for React Native vs Ionic vs Flutter πŸŽ†

Sections:


Comparison

We will be comparing all the three options React Native, Ionic and Flutter on the basis of below parameters:


Language

Framework Language Medal
React Native JavaScript & React πŸ₯ˆ
Ionic HTML+CSS+JSS (with React/Angular/Vue) πŸ₯‡
Flutter Dart πŸ₯‰

Ionic and React Native uses JS which matches with the tech stack used by a web developer usually. Dart is by google and it has C language-like syntax which is not similar to JS. So we might need devs who can learn Dart if we go for Flutter. Ionic can be written in Vanilla JS as well.


Learning Curve

Time required to learn (for Web Developers):

Framework Time to Learn Medal
React Native Low (React Dev), Medium (other Web Dev) πŸ₯ˆ
Ionic Low πŸ₯‡
Flutter High πŸ₯‰

Flutter and Dart are new so it might take more time to learn.


Initial Release

Framework Release Year Medal
React Native 2015 πŸ₯‡
Ionic 2013 πŸ₯‡
Flutter 2017 πŸ₯ˆ

Flutter is relatively new but gaining popularity rapidly.


Powered By

Framework Powered By Medal
React Native Facebook πŸ₯‡
Ionic Drifty Co. πŸ₯ˆ
Flutter Google πŸ₯‡

All are Open Source so community support is there, but React-Native and Flutter have the upper hand here.


Community

Framework Github Stars Github Forks Medal
React Native 100K 21.6K πŸ₯ˆ
Ionic 45.9K 13.5K πŸ₯‰
Flutter 134K 20K πŸ₯‡

React and Ionic has old and strong communities. Flutter is relatively new, however, it has made its space and attracted developers to learn Dart.


Github Issues Opened

Framework Github Issues Opened/Total Medal
React Native 1.9K / 20.3K πŸ₯ˆ
Ionic 673 / 18.8K πŸ₯‡
Flutter 9.9K / 53.3K πŸ₯‰

Flutter is new and attracted more developers recently but still, 9.9K+ is a high number of issues opened.


Performance

As far as I understood in terms of performance of these frameworks while interacting with the Native OS as an App:

Framework Performance Medal
React Native Bridge Based πŸ₯ˆ
Ionic Plugin Based πŸ₯‰
Flutter Native Channels πŸ₯‡

Communication via Bridge and Plugins takes more time, though React is working on resolving Bridge Jam situations. Flutter works via direct platform channels so it's faster. Flutter team states that Flutter Web is for Web Apps not for static or minimal sites. So for small web apps, Flutter gets -ve there.


Popularity

In this section we'll be seeing some of the top products using these frameworks:

Framework Popularity Medal
React Native Most Popular
(Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, Skype, Tesla, Uber, Walmart, Salesforce, Vogue)
πŸ₯‡
Ionic Popular among web developers
(MarketWatch, Pacifica, Sworkit, Nationwide)
πŸ₯ˆ
Flutter Gaining popularity faster
(Alibaba, Hamilton Musical, Greentea, Google Ads. eBay, BMW)
πŸ₯‡

React Native is more popular than the other two as many tech giants are using it in their production environment. Ionic is very popular among web and mobile app developers due to its easy learning curve. Flutter has just entered the market but has grown in popularity in very little time.


Framework Nature

Framework Framework Nature
React Native App First
Ionic Web First
Flutter App First

App and Web have different UI structures, so choosing "first platform" may help to decide the framework. If you want your product to be a website first then Ionic is +ve there else -ve.


Coding Architecture

Framework Coding Architecture Medal
React Native Component based,
Hot Reloading,
React JS UI
πŸ₯‡
Ionic One codebase,
Plugin based,
Web UI
πŸ₯ˆ
Flutter Hot Reloading,
Different achitecture with Dart,
Enhanced graphics & UI
πŸ₯‡

All have their qualities, but due to hot reloading, development and Unit testing are faster on React-Native and Flutter.


Supported Platform

Framework Supported Platform Medal
React Native Android, iOS, UWP (Windows 10)

Web support by github pkg react-native-web(18.8K Stars), used by some org on production like MMT, Twitter Lite, Flipkart Lite, Uber Eats
πŸ₯ˆ
Ionic Web, Android, iOS

Native support via plugins Capacitor, Cordova
πŸ₯ˆ
Flutter Android, iOS, Web, Microsoft Desktop

Web support is launched in Mar'21, Microsoft support is in beta
πŸ₯‡

Web support on React is by open-source package, on Flutter it's new and Native support on Ionic is via plugins. So a trade-off to choose from.

RNW example source. Flipkart Lite Source


Pricing

Framework Pricing Medal
React Native Free and Open Source πŸ₯‡
Ionic Open Source with Paid Support πŸ₯‡
Flutter Free and Open Source πŸ₯‡

All are Open Source.


Integration

Hereby Integration I mean how easily can a hybrid sub-app be integrated into an already built mobile app (Android/iOS).

Framework Integration Medal
React Native Only a single app can be integrated
If multiple, then need to be merged first
πŸ₯ˆ
Ionic Only a single app can be integrated
If multiple, then need to be merged first
πŸ₯ˆ
Flutter Only a single app can be integrated
If multiple, then need to be merged first
πŸ₯ˆ

So for all the options, if there are multiple Hybrid Apps available then they need to be merged first. Merge time depends on, how merge-friendly the separate apps are written. So Merging guidelines will be needed to make integration smooth.


Build size

Here I created the "Hello World!" app by using these frameworks and the below calculation is the size of the build for the android app. (Not a Mac User so can't create the iOS app)

Framework Build size Medal
React Native 7MB πŸ₯ˆ
Ionic 3.5MB πŸ₯‡
Flutter 7.5MB πŸ₯‰

For small apps, Ionic size is smaller but for bigger apps, it gets worse due to separate HTML+CSS+JS files. For bigger apps, Flutter works best. (Source)


Testing

Framework Testing Medal
React Native Ranges between unit testing to automated testing
Testing frameworks are available
πŸ₯‡
Ionic Ranges between component testing and end-to-end testing
Ionic CLI and Browser based
πŸ₯ˆ
Flutter Multiple testing frameworks are available πŸ₯‡

For big applications, component or widget level testing is helpful. React-Native and Flutter have many Testing Frameworks available, while Ionic has normal web-based testing.


Code Reusability

Framework Code Reusability Medal
React Native 90% πŸ₯ˆ
Ionic 98% πŸ₯‡
Flutter <90% πŸ₯‰

As Ionic uses HTML+CSS+JS for all platforms, It has most of the code reusable, In React-Native components can be reused, but when we add web support then only the components without native functionality can be reused. Same for Flutter.


UI Components

Framework UI Components Medal
React Native The same feel as Native UI component, UI Libraries also available πŸ₯‡
Ionic Big set of pre-built and pre-styled components. πŸ₯‡
Flutter SKIA engine powered UI in the app and Flutter web engine for web, Extensive list of widgets.

Flutter web pages are not usual web pages, they are on canvas default but using HTML renderer it can be like a normal HTML web page.
πŸ₯ˆ

Flutter Web Pages in Canvas can lead to bad SEO and compatibility issue on very old browsers. React Native provides a Native feel and can be styled with external libraries.


StackOverflow Questions Trend

Here we can see the number of questions on StackOverflow for the tags of these Hybrid Frameworks. This indirectly shows how much developers are working on the particular framework actively.

Framework Mar'18 Mar'19 Mar'20 Mar'21 Medal
React Native 2053 2370 2861 2808 πŸ₯‡
Ionic 1084 865 751 467 πŸ₯‰
Flutter 590 1857 3764 5185 πŸ₯‡

SO Questions trend

React Native seems consistently popular among developers while Ionic seems losing its fame. However, Flutter is gaining a lot of attraction. (Source)


Udemy Trends

Udemy is one of the most popular learning platforms with a high number of students and teachers. Below stats tells about the active status of students and teachers on these frameworks:

Framework Courses Students Medal
React Native 132+ 1M+ πŸ₯ˆ
Ionic 103+ 649K+ πŸ₯‰
Flutter 292+ 1.9M+ πŸ₯‡
Dart 64+ 796K+

So Dart and Flutter are gaining popularity with enough resources available. (Source)


Developer Availability

This is the number of people available in India and globally as per Linkedin Search via my account.

Framework In India Worldwide Medal
React Native 42K+ 235K+ πŸ₯‡
Ionic 26K+ 172K+ πŸ₯‰
Flutter 44K+ 175K+ πŸ₯ˆ

Last 2 years' Share in Hybrid Frameworks used

Framework in 2019 in 2020 Medal
React Native 42% 42% πŸ₯‡
Ionic 28% 18% πŸ₯‰
Flutter 30% 39% πŸ₯ˆ

Flutter's share is increasing sharply while for Ionic it's decreasing in the same trend. (Source: Statista)


Poll

I conducted a poll on LinkedIn for the same, but with a short description of my need, it didn't get that many responses but this sample response seems to verify my above research:

Framework Vaotes Received Medal
React Native 50.53% πŸ₯‡
Ionic 7.37% πŸ₯‰
Flutter 42.11% πŸ₯ˆ

Total Votes: 95

Public Voting:

Public Poll Results

Technical group Voting:

Group Poll Result


OTA(Over the air) Update

Framework OTA Compatibility Medal
React Native Via CodePush (Source) πŸ₯‡
Ionic Via CodePush (Source) πŸ₯‡
Flutter Very Limited OTA support, App release is required (Source) πŸ₯‰

SEO

I know, I'm not that good at this point but still mentionable.

Framework SEO Medal
React Native Same like React App (Doable) πŸ₯ˆ
Ionic Doable πŸ₯ˆ
Flutter Doable with Router πŸ₯ˆ

SEO can be achieved like other SPA frameworks but not as simple as a PHP website.


Medal Tally

Framework πŸ₯‡ πŸ₯ˆ πŸ₯‰ Total Score
(3G+2S+1B)
React Native 12 11 0 58
Ionic 9 7 7 48
Flutter 10 7 6 52

Cheat sheet

You can find the cheat sheet of this article here. This has just the medals awarded for each attribute and the final medal tally and score.


Conclusion

As a developer, for my use case, I found React Native better so I went for that and created a sample React Native App: Harry Potter Dictionary with web support. Now my organization is working on replacing some modules in android with React Native sub-apps.


Articles

For this research, I've read some articles, which can be found here. You can also have a look at them.


How to Contribute to this

You can simply create your valuable pull request to this Github repo with an optional issue having the detail of the changes, I'll merge them and modify this article as well.

You can start a discussion as well to discuss with other community members.

Top comments (1)

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merryhere profile image
merryhere

You explained it very well.