Tapajyoti Bose

Posted on Feb 13, 2022 • Updated on Oct 24, 2023 • Originally published at tapajyoti-bose.Medium

7 Killer One-Liners in JavaScript

#javascript #webdev #programming #productivity

7 Killer One-Liners in JavaScript

JavaScript is the most crucial pillar of Web Development.

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Shuffle Array

While using algorithms that require some degree of randomization, you will often find shuffling arrays quite a necessary skill. The following snippet shuffles an array in place with O(n log n) complexity.

const shuffleArray = (arr) => arr.sort(() => Math.random() - 0.5);

// Testing
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
console.log(shuffleArray(arr));

Copy to Clipboard

In web apps, copy to clipboard is rapidly rising in popularity due to its convenience for the user.

const copyToClipboard = (text) =>
  navigator.clipboard?.writeText && navigator.clipboard.writeText(text);

// Testing
copyToClipboard("Hello World!");

NOTE: The approach works for 93.08% global users as per caniuse. So the check is necessary that the user's browser supports the API. To support all users, you can use an input and copy its contents.

Unique Elements

Every language has its own implementation of Hash List, in JavaScript, it is called Set. You can easily get the unique elements from an array using the Set Data Structure.

const getUnique = (arr) => [...new Set(arr)];

// Testing
const arr = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5];
console.log(getUnique(arr));

Detect Dark Mode

With the rising popularity of dark mode, it is ideal to switch your app to dark mode if the user has it enabled in their device. Luckily, media queries can be utilized for making the task a walk in the park.

const isDarkMode = () =>
  window.matchMedia &&
  window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches;

// Testing
console.log(isDarkMode());

As per caniuse the support of matchMedia is 97.19%.

Scroll To Top

Beginners very often find themselves struggling with scrolling elements into view properly. The easiest way to scroll elements is to use the scrollIntoView method. Add behavior: "smooth" for a smooth scrolling animation.

const scrollToTop = (element) =>
  element.scrollIntoView({ behavior: "smooth", block: "start" });

Scroll To Bottom

Just like the scrollToTop method, the scrollToBottom method can easily be implemented using the scrollIntoView method, only by switching the block value to end

const scrollToBottom = (element) =>
  element.scrollIntoView({ behavior: "smooth", block: "end" });

Generate Random Color

Does your application rely on random color generation? Look no further, the following snippet got you covered!

const generateRandomHexColor = () =>
  `#${Math.floor(Math.random() * 0xffffff).toString(16)}`;

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Top comments (23)

Martin Pham • Feb 13 '22

1) It will lead to another problem: When navigator.clipboard is not available, the Promise.reject will be called, and probably you won't know: TypeError will be thrown (spec 25.4.4.4)
2) I'm not sure why using globalThis instead of window here btw

Adam Crockett 🌀 • Feb 14 '22 • Edited

Point 2 is especially true

matchMedia will never be isomorphic, such recommendations appear to be blanket.

globalThis was not the original way to reference global and will still break some browsers unless a global.globalThis = global where global is window nor global, is referred to as a polyfill.

Martin Pham • Feb 14 '22

Correct!

Adam Crockett 🌀 • Feb 14 '22

I missed the point of globalThis?

No, I believe you have a firm grasp of JavaScript in general and understanding that globalThis brings safety through referencing whatever the global scope may be.

.. however, let's just step back, in this particular instance and many others, window is the only appropriate approach to access match media or any Browser based API, because;

there is no motivation from anyone including the community to add it to node.js or any other js environment
because it wouldn't do anything in any other environment

With such a low risk (which is the truth of programming, evaluation of risk to solve a problem as best you can)

Therefore as true optimization it's worth removing the complexity of polyfill, you are creating work for yourself in the name of safety

Example:
I am a banana but I could be an orange but the odds are extremely low that I am anything other than a banana, better prepare for both eventualities.

To me that's not efficient planning 🙂

Igor Snitkin • Feb 13 '22

@lukeshiru your point about copyToClipboard is 100% legit, but maybe like this then:

const copyToClipboard = async (text) => navigator.clipboard.writeText(text);

...so we're able to provide a rejection reason and not just throw text back

Martin Pham • Feb 14 '22

Yeah I knew you wouldn’t read the spec, that’s why I said you probably won’t know. Sadly.

Adam Crockett 🌀 • Feb 14 '22

Hey luke I think you miss the point, node will never use screen based APIs such as match media, therefore globalThis is never going to be needed. It's better to be precise about the usage of any code with reasoning which backs it up. There's no "maybe" in this case

Comment deleted

Alex Lohr • Feb 13 '22

There's an error in generateRandomColor: if math random is below 1/0x100000, the value may not have 6 characters.

// wrong:
const generateRandomHexColor = () =>
  `#${Math.floor(Math.random() * 0xffffff).toString(16)}`;

// corrected:
const generateRandomHexColor = () =>
  `#${Math.floor(0x1000000 + Math.random() * 0xffffff).toString(16).slice(1)}`;

Igor Snitkin • Feb 13 '22

Why not just padStart?

Alex Lohr • Feb 14 '22

String.prototype.padStart is pretty recent and not supported by older browsers.

Martin Pham • Feb 13 '22

1) Have you even read the spec I wrote?

2) lol

Adam Crockett 🌀 • Feb 15 '22 • Edited

The ultimate point here is that, you suggested something implicit globalThis is agnostic and implicit, window was correct and explicit, explicit tells me a little more about the intent of the code - in my head: "window suggests this must be browser only code"

My nitpicky points come from a good place. Do you know how much code runs behind the scenes for JavaScript to do a simple 2 plus 2? It's shockingly quite a lot! Although I won't let that put the fear into me, I don't believe in micro optimizations after all, I do believe that programming is exact, in the grand scheme from the computers perspective, it works or it don't. But the human, well that's a different story, humans make assumptions which lead to N number of understandings, so I feel that it's our job as programmers, writers of instructions, to layout out Intensions using explicit code, it is always clearer and carries some meta meaning, implicit is just magic it's implied with out reference and prior knowledge must be obtained.

I argue, and from several past mistakes I might add that adopting a blanket coding standard is pretty toxic, by adopting a rule for all cases without then thinking is this adding a little more work that should not happen in this situation, I believe that actually, this is the cause of most sub optimal code. Additionally globalThis is newish, it does nothing for a new programmer who may have seen thousands of bits of code with window

A wise programer once said:

"code must be smarter than table, but dumber than dog"

A sentiment that sticks with me almost 6 years after hearing it, to me, it means that simple (as in the intent) is not the same as simplyfied syntax and a fact I bitterly resent, by using the latest and greatest of any language features (typically abstractions) is then bringing a lot small pieces of overhead.

Lastly let's get quantitative, globalThis, how much have you used it and what percentage of it actually made it into both Node.js and Browser? Then answer this one, based on your previous answer, was it worth the saving? If the answer was, "not much but yes because it's easier." Does that mean perhaps you don't actually care about correct code. 😱

Thanks for playing, it's been fun 🛌

Andrew Bridge • Feb 13 '22

Sporadically in the same browser or varying across different browsers? I've certainly had to polyfill this behaviour option for Safari and several Chromium based browsers on macOS which is quite frustrating but never seen it fail to work when it is natively supported.

Vanya • Sep 3 '22 • Edited

Actually, there is one problem with shuffle function

const shuffleArray = (arr) => arr.sort(() => Math.random() - 0.5);

// counts of appearances for all possible permutations
let count = {
  '123': 0,
  '132': 0,
  '213': 0,
  '231': 0,
  '321': 0,
  '312': 0
};

for (let i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
  let array = [1, 2, 3];
  shuffleArray(array);
  count[array.join('')]++;
}

for (let key in count) {
  console.log(`${key}: ${count[key]}`);
}

// the result will be
"123: 374916"
"132: 62851"
"213: 125285"
"231: 62489"
"312: 62000"
"321: 312459"

We can see clearly: 123 and 321 appear much more often than others.

There are other good ways to do the task. For instance, there’s a great algorithm called Fisher-Yates shuffle. The idea is to walk the array in the reverse order and swap each element with a random one before it:

function shuffleArray(array) {
  for (let i = array.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
    let j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1)); // random index from 0 to i
    [array[i], array[j]] = [array[j], array[i]];
  }
}

source: javascript.info/array-methods#tasks

Jeysson Guevara • Feb 14 '22

Well, It is hiding any error derived from the browser not supporting that API, and I wasn't referring to your solution in the comments (which looks cool), if that's what you think.

And no, I don't prefer to throw because of undefined, I prefer either your version of the solution (with the reject), or show a message to the user indicating the lack of support, or to directly hide the feature if we assert it beforehand.

Hiding an error is to catch/prevent an exception and do nothing with that, as the OP does, just think from an end user perspective, you'll click on a copy to clipboard button, then see a success message and then, when you attempt to paste... Nothing.