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Raphael MANSUY
Raphael MANSUY

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10 minutes to deploy a Docker compose stack on AWS ECS illustrated with Hasura and Postgres ⏰

#devops #docker #aws #cloudskills

Introduction

The ecs-cli command is a little gem 💎

👉 ecs-cli allows you to deploy a Docker stack very easily on AWS ECS using the same syntax as the docker-compose file format version 1, 2 and 3

👉 The selling point of ecs-cli is to reuse your docker-compose.yml files to deploy your containers to AWS

👉 ecs-cli translates a docker-compose-yml to ECS Task Desfinitions and Services

In this article we will explore how to:

  • Use the toolecs-cli to create an AWS ECS cluster to orchestrate a set of Docker Containers
  • Add observability to the cluster thanks to AWS Cloud LogGroups
  • Use ecs-cli to deploy a set of Docker containers on the Cluster
  • Leverage AWS EFS to add persistence to the Cluster and add support of stateful workloads

Amazon Elastic File System is a cloud storage service provided by Amazon Web Services designed to provide scalable, elastic, concurrent with some restrictions, and encrypted file storage for use with both AWS cloud services and on-premises resources

As an example we will deploy a Docker stack composed of:

  • HASURA : an open source-engine that gives you an instant GraphQL & Rest API
  • PostgresSQL 13.2 for the persistence layer

Target architecture

illustrations/global-architecture.png

Docker stack

This Docker Stack will be deployed on the AWS ECS Cluster

illustrations/docker-compose-stack.png

7 Steps

  1. Install ecs-cli
  2. Configure ecs-cli
  3. Create the cluster Stack
  4. Create a Docker Compose Stack
  5. Deploy the docker compose stack on AWS ECS
  6. Create an elastic filesystem AWS EFS
  7. Add persistence to Postgres SQL thanks to AWS EFS

Prerequisites (for macOS)

Step1 : Install ecs-cli

The first step is to install the ecs-cli command on your system:

The complete installation procedure for macOS, Linux and Windows is available with this link.

For macOS the installation procedure is as follows:

👉 Download ecs-cli binary

sudo curl -Lo /usr/local/bin/ecs-cli https://amazon-ecs-cli.s3.amazonaws.com/ecs-cli-darwin-amd64-latest
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👉 install gnupg (a free implementation of OpenPGP standard)

brew install gnupg
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👉 get the public key of ecs-cli (I have copied the key in a GIST for simplicity)

https://gist.githubusercontent.com/raphaelmansuy/5aab3c9e6c03e532e9dcf6c97c78b4ff/raw/f39b4df58833f09eb381700a6a854b1adfea482e/ecs-cli-signature-key.key
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👉 import the signature

gpg --import ./signature.key
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👉 make ecs-cli executable

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/ecs-cli
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👉 verify the setup

ecs-cli --version
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Configure ecs-cli 👩‍🌾

Prerequisite

  • AWS CLI v2 must be installed. If it's not the case you can follow these instructions on this link.
  • You need to have an AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID / AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY with administrative privileges

To create your AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID you can read this documentation

Your environment variables must be configured with a correct pair of AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID / AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY

export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="Your Access Key"
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="Your Secret Access Key"
export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-west-2
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The following script configure an ECS-profile called tutorial for a cluster named tutorial-cluster on the us-west-2 region with a default launch type based on EC2 instances:

configure.sh

#!/bin/bash
set -e
PROFILE_NAME=tutorial
CLUSTER_NAME=tutorial-cluster
REGION=us-west-2
LAUNCH_TYPE=EC2
ecs-cli configure profile --profile-name "$PROFILE_NAME" --access-key "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID" --secret-key "$AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"
ecs-cli configure --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --default-launch-type "$LAUNCH_TYPE" --region "$REGION" --config-name "$PROFILE_NAME"
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Step2 : Creation of an ECS-Cluster 🚀

We will create an ECS-Cluster based on ec2 instance.

ECS allows 2 launch types EC2 and FARGATE

  • EC2 (Deploy and manage your own cluster of EC2 instances for running the containers)
  • AWS Fargate (Run containers directly, without any EC2 instances)

If we want to connect to the ec2 instances with ssh we need to have a key pair

👉 Creation of a key pair called tutorial-cluster :

aws ec2 create-key-pair --key-name tutorial-cluster \
 --query 'KeyMaterial' --output text > ~/.ssh/tutorial-cluster.pem
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👉 Creation of the Cluster tutorial-cluster with 2 ec2-instances t3.medium

create-cluster.sh

#!/bin/bash
KEY_PAIR=tutorial-cluster
    ecs-cli up \
      --keypair $KEY_PAIR  \
      --capability-iam \
      --size 2 \
      --instance-type t3.medium \
      --tags project=tutorial-cluster,owner=raphael \
      --cluster-config tutorial \
      --ecs-profile tutorial
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We have added 2 tags project=tutorial and owner=raphael to easily identify the resources created by the command

👉 Result

INFO[0006] Using recommended Amazon Linux 2 AMI with ECS Agent 1.50.2 and Docker version 19.03.13-ce
INFO[0007] Created cluster                               cluster=tutorial-cluster region=us-west-2
INFO[0010] Waiting for your cluster resources to be created...
INFO[0010] Cloudformation stack status                   stackStatus=CREATE_IN_PROGRESS
INFO[0073] Cloudformation stack status                   stackStatus=CREATE_IN_PROGRESS
INFO[0136] Cloudformation stack status                   stackStatus=CREATE_IN_PROGRESS
VPC created: vpc-XXXXX
Security Group created: sg-XXXXX
Subnet created: subnet-AAAA
Subnet created: subnet-BBBB
Cluster creation succeeded.
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This command create:

  • A new public VPC
    • An internet gateway
    • The routing tables
  • 2 public subnets in 2 availability zones
  • 1 security group
  • 1 autoscaling group
    • 2 ec2 instances
  • 1 ecs cluster

illustrations/Screen_Shot_2021-03-08_at_11.36.36.png

We can now deploy a sample Docker application on the newly created ECS Cluster:

👉 Create a file called docker-compose.yml

version: "3"
services:
  webdemo:
    image: "amazon/amazon-ecs-sample"
    ports:
      - "80:80"
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This stack can best tested locally

docker-compose up
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Results:

latest: Pulling from amazon/amazon-ecs-sample
Digest: sha256:36c7b282abd0186e01419f2e58743e1bf635808231049bbc9d77e59e3a8e4914
Status: Downloaded newer image for amazon/amazon-ecs-sample:latest

illustrations/Screen_Shot_2021-03-08_at_13.01.06.png

👉 We can now deploy this stack on AWS ECS:

ecs-cli compose --project-name tutorial  --file docker-compose.yml \
--debug service up  \
--deployment-max-percent 100 --deployment-min-healthy-percent 0 \
--region us-west-2 --ecs-profile tutorial --cluster-config tutorial
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👉 To verify that the service is running we can use this command:

ecs-cli ps
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Results:

Name                                                       State    Ports                     TaskDefinition  Health
tutorial-cluster/2e5af2d48dbc41c1a98/webdemo  RUNNING  34.217.107.14:80->80/tcp  tutorial:2      UNKNOWNK
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The stack is deployed and accessible with the IP address 34.217.107.14

👉 We can now browse the deployed Website:

open http://34.217.107.14
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👉 Open the port 22 to connect to the EC2 instances of the cluster


# Get my IP
myip="$(dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com)"

# Get the security group
sg="$(aws ec2 describe-security-groups   --filters Name=tag:project,Values=tutorial-cluster | jq '.SecurityGroups[].GroupId')"

# Add port 22 to the Security Group of the VPC
aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
        --group-id $sg \
        --protocol tcp \
        --port 22 \
        --cidr "$myip/32" | jq '.'
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👉 Connection to the instance

chmod 400 ~/.ssh/tutorial-cluster.pem
ssh -i ~/.ssh/tutorial-cluster.pem ec2-user@34.217.107.14
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👉 Once we are connected to the remoter server: we can observe the running containers:

docker ps
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CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                            COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                    PORTS                NAMES
7deaa49ed72c        amazon/amazon-ecs-sample         "/usr/sbin/apache2 -…"   2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes              0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   ecs-tutorial-3-webdemo-9cb1a49483a9cfb7b101
cd1d2a9807d4        amazon/amazon-ecs-agent:latest   "/agent"                 55 minutes ago      Up 55 minutes (healthy)                        ecs-agent
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Step3 : Adding observability 🤩

If we want to collect the logs for my running instances, we can create AWS CloudWatch Log Groups.

For that we can modify the docker-compose.yml file:

version: "2"
services:
  webdemo:
    image: "amazon/amazon-ecs-sample"
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    logging:
      driver: awslogs
      options:
         awslogs-group: tutorial
         awslogs-region: us-west-2
         awslogs-stream-prefix: demo
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👉 And then redeploy the service with a create-log-groups option

ecs-cli compose --project-name tutorial  --file docker-compose.yml \
--debug service up  \
--deployment-max-percent 100 --deployment-min-healthy-percent 0 \
--region us-west-2 --ecs-profile tutorial --cluster-config tutorial \
--create-log-groups
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illustrations/Screen_Shot_2021-03-08_at_15.07.28.png

👉 We can now delete the service 🗑


ecs-cli compose --project-name tutorial  --file docker-compose.yml \
--debug service down  \
--region us-west-2 --ecs-profile tutorial --cluster-config tutorial
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👉 Deploying a more complex stack

We are now ready to deploy HASURA and Postgres

illustrations/docker-compose-hasura.png

docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  postgres:
    image: postgres:12
    restart: always
    volumes:
    - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    environment:
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgrespassword
  graphql-engine:
    image: hasura/graphql-engine:v1.3.3
    ports:
    - "80:8080"
    depends_on:
    - "postgres"
    restart: always
    environment:
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_DATABASE_URL: postgres://postgres:postgrespassword@postgres:5432/postgres
      ## enable the console served by server
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_ENABLE_CONSOLE: "true" # set to "false" to disable console
      ## enable debugging mode. It is recommended to disable this in production
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_DEV_MODE: "true"
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_ENABLED_LOG_TYPES: startup, http-log, webhook-log, websocket-log, query-log
      ## uncomment next line to set an admin secret
      # HASURA_GRAPHQL_ADMIN_SECRET: myadminsecretkey
volumes:
  db_data:
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👉 We can test the stack locally:

docker-compose up &
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Then

open localhost
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illustrations/Screen_Shot_2021-03-08_at_15.25.17.png

👉 We can now deploy this stack on AWS ECS

But before that we need to update the file docker-compose.yml

We must add:

  • A logging directive
  • A links directive

illustrations/docker-compose-hasura-step2.png

version: '3'
services:
  postgres:
    image: postgres:12
    restart: always
    volumes:
    - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    environment:
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgrespassword
    logging:
      driver: awslogs
      options:
         awslogs-group: tutorial
         awslogs-region: us-west-2
         awslogs-stream-prefix: hasura-postgres
  graphql-engine:
    image: hasura/graphql-engine:v1.3.3
    ports:
    - "80:8080"
    depends_on:
    - "postgres"
    links:
      - postgres
    restart: always
    environment:
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_DATABASE_URL: postgres://postgres:postgrespassword@postgres:5432/postgres
      ## enable the console served by server
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_ENABLE_CONSOLE: "true" # set to "false" to disable console
      ## enable debugging mode. It is recommended to disable this in production
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_DEV_MODE: "true"
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_ENABLED_LOG_TYPES: startup, http-log, webhook-log, websocket-log, query-log
      ## uncomment next line to set an admin secret
      # HASURA_GRAPHQL_ADMIN_SECRET: myadminsecretkey
    logging:
      driver: awslogs
      options:
         awslogs-group: tutorial
         awslogs-region: us-west-2
         awslogs-stream-prefix: hasura
volumes:
  db_data:
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We need to create a file called ecs-params.yml to specify extra parameters:


version: 1
task_definition:
  ecs_network_mode: bridge
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This file will be used by the ecs-cli command.

👉 we can then launch the stack:

ecs-cli compose --project-name tutorial  --file docker-compose.yml \
 --debug service up  \
--deployment-max-percent 100 --deployment-min-healthy-percent 0 \
  --region us-west-2 --ecs-profile tutorial \
--cluster-config tutorial --create-log-groups
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Results:

DEBU[0000] Parsing the compose yaml...
DEBU[0000] Docker Compose version found: 3
DEBU[0000] Parsing v3 project...
WARN[0000] Skipping unsupported YAML option for service...  option name=restart service name=postgres
WARN[0000] Skipping unsupported YAML option for service...  option name=depends_on service name=graphql-engine
WARN[0000] Skipping unsupported YAML option for service...  option name=restart service name=graphql-engine
DEBU[0000] Parsing the ecs-params yaml...
DEBU[0000] Parsing the ecs-registry-creds yaml...
DEBU[0000] Transforming yaml to task definition...
DEBU[0004] Finding task definition in cache or creating if needed  TaskDefinition="{\n  ContainerDefinitions: [{\n      Command: [],\n      Cpu: 0,\n      DnsSearchDomains: [],\n      DnsServers: [],\n      DockerSecurityOptions: [],\n      EntryPoint: [],\n      Environment: [{\n          Name: \"POSTGRES_PASSWORD\",\n          Value: \"postgrespassword\"\n        }],\n      Essential: true,\n      ExtraHosts: [],\n      Image: \"postgres:12\",\n      Links: [],\n      LinuxParameters: {\n        Capabilities: {\n\n        },\n        Devices: []\n      },\n      Memory: 512,\n      MountPoints: [{\n          ContainerPath: \"/var/lib/postgresql/data\",\n          ReadOnly: false,\n          SourceVolume: \"db_data\"\n        }],\n      Name: \"postgres\",\n      Privileged: false,\n      PseudoTerminal: false,\n      ReadonlyRootFilesystem: false\n    },{\n      Command: [],\n      Cpu: 0,\n      DnsSearchDomains: [],\n      DnsServers: [],\n      DockerSecurityOptions: [],\n      EntryPoint: [],\n      Environment: [\n        {\n          Name: \"HASURA_GRAPHQL_ENABLED_LOG_TYPES\",\n          Value: \"startup, http-log, webhook-log, websocket-log, query-log\"\n        },\n        {\n          Name: \"HASURA_GRAPHQL_DATABASE_URL\",\n          Value: \"postgres://postgres:postgrespassword@postgres:5432/postgres\"\n        },\n        {\n          Name: \"HASURA_GRAPHQL_ENABLE_CONSOLE\",\n          Value: \"true\"\n        },\n        {\n          Name: \"HASURA_GRAPHQL_DEV_MODE\",\n          Value: \"true\"\n        }\n      ],\n      Essential: true,\n      ExtraHosts: [],\n      Image: \"hasura/graphql-engine:v1.3.3\",\n      Links: [],\n      LinuxParameters: {\n        Capabilities: {\n\n        },\n        Devices: []\n      },\n      Memory: 512,\n      Name: \"graphql-engine\",\n      PortMappings: [{\n          ContainerPort: 8080,\n          HostPort: 80,\n          Protocol: \"tcp\"\n        }],\n      Privileged: false,\n      PseudoTerminal: false,\n      ReadonlyRootFilesystem: false\n    }],\n  Cpu: \"\",\n  ExecutionRoleArn: \"\",\n  Family: \"tutorial\",\n  Memory: \"\",\n  NetworkMode: \"\",\n  RequiresCompatibilities: [\"EC2\"],\n  TaskRoleArn: \"\",\n  Volumes: [{\n      Name: \"db_data\"\n    }]\n}"
DEBU[0005] cache miss                                    taskDef="{\n\n}" taskDefHash=4e57f367846e8f3546dd07eadc605490
INFO[0005] Using ECS task definition                     TaskDefinition="tutorial:4"
WARN[0005] No log groups to create; no containers use 'awslogs'
INFO[0005] Updated the ECS service with a new task definition. Old containers will be stopped automatically, and replaced with new ones  deployment-max-percent=100 deployment-min-healthy-percent=0 desiredCount=1 force-deployment=false service=tutorial
INFO[0006] Service status                                desiredCount=1 runningCount=1 serviceName=tutorial
INFO[0027] Service status                                desiredCount=1 runningCount=0 serviceName=tutorial
INFO[0027] (service tutorial) has stopped 1 running tasks: (task ee882a6a66724415a3bdc8fffaa2824c).  timestamp="2021-03-08 07:30:33 +0000 UTC"
INFO[0037] (service tutorial) has started 1 tasks: (task a1068efe89614812a3243521c0d30847).  timestamp="2021-03-08 07:30:43 +0000 UTC"
INFO[0074] (service tutorial) has started 1 tasks: (task 1949af75ac5a4e749dfedcb89321fd67).  timestamp="2021-03-08 07:31:23 +0000 UTC"
INFO[0080] Service status                                desiredCount=1 runningCount=1 serviceName=tutorial
INFO[0080] ECS Service has reached a stable state        desiredCount=1 runningCount=1 serviceName=tutorial
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👉 And then we can verify that our container are running on AWS ECS Cluster

ecs-cli ps
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Results

Name                                                              State                  Ports                       TaskDefinition  Health
tutorial-cluster/00d7ff5191dd4d11a9b52ea64fb9ee26/graphql-engine  RUNNING                34.217.107.14:80->8080/tcp  tutorial:10     UNKNOWN
tutorial-cluster/00d7ff5191dd4d11a9b52ea64fb9ee26/postgres        RUNNING                                            tutorial:10     UNKNOWN
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👉 And then: 💪

open http://34.217.107.14
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illustrations/Screen_Shot_2021-03-08_at_16.09.29.png

👉 We can now stop the stack

ecs-cli compose down
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To add persistent support to my solution we can leverage AWS EFS : Elastic File System

Step 4: Add a persistent layer to my cluster

illustrations/efs-file-system.png

👉 Create an EFS file system named hasura-db-file-system

aws efs create-file-system \
    --performance-mode generalPurpose \
    --throughput-mode bursting \
    --encrypted \
    --tags Key=Name,Value=hasura-db-filesystem
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Results:

{
    "OwnerId": "XXXXX",
    "CreationToken": "10f91a50-0649-442d-b4ad-2ce67f1546bf",
    "FileSystemId": "fs-5574bd52",
    "FileSystemArn": "arn:aws:elasticfilesystem:us-west-2:XXXXX:file-system/fs-5574bd52",
    "CreationTime": "2021-03-08T16:40:19+08:00",
    "LifeCycleState": "creating",
    "Name": "hasura-db-filesystem",
    "NumberOfMountTargets": 0,
    "SizeInBytes": {
        "Value": 0,
        "ValueInIA": 0,
        "ValueInStandard": 0
    },
    "PerformanceMode": "generalPurpose",
    "Encrypted": true,
    "KmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-west-2:XXXXX:key/97542264-cc64-42f9-954e-4af2b17f72aa",
    "ThroughputMode": "bursting",
    "Tags": [
        {
            "Key": "Name",
            "Value": "hasura-db-filesystem"
        }
    ]
}
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👉 Add mount points to each subnet of the VPC:

aws ec2 describe-subnets --filters Name=tag:project,Values=tutorial-cluster \
 | jq ".Subnets[].SubnetId" | \
xargs -ISUBNET  aws efs create-mount-target \
 --file-system-id fs-5574bd52 --subnet-id SUBNET
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The next step is to allow NFS connection from the VPC

We need first to get the security group associated with each mount target

    efs_sg=$(aws efs describe-mount-targets --file-system-id fs-5574bd52 \
    | jq ".MountTargets[0].MountTargetId" \
     | xargs -IMOUNTG aws efs describe-mount-target-security-groups \
     --mount-target-id MOUNTG | jq ".SecurityGroups[0]" | xargs echo )
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👉 Then we need to open the TCP port 2049 for the security group of the VPC

vpc_sg="$(aws ec2 describe-security-groups  \
 --filters Name=tag:project,Values=tutorial-cluster \
 | jq '.SecurityGroups[].GroupId' | xargs echo)"
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👉 Then we need to authorize the TCP/2049 port from the default security group of the VPC

aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
--group-id $efs_sg \
--protocol tcp \
--port 2049 \
--source-group $vpc_sg \
--region us-west-2
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👉 We can now modify the ecs-params.yml to add persistence support:

  • We use the ID of the EFS volume that has been created on the latest step : fs-5574bd52 
version: 1
task_definition:
  ecs_network_mode: bridge
  efs_volumes:
    - name: db_data
      filesystem_id: fs-5574bd52
      transit_encryption: ENABLED
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👉 Then we can redeploy our stack:

ecs-cli compose --project-name tutorial  --file docker-compose.yml \
 --debug service up  \
--deployment-max-percent 100 --deployment-min-healthy-percent 0 \
  --region us-west-2 --ecs-profile tutorial \
--cluster-config tutorial --create-log-groups
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👉 Et voilà : the stack is operational 🎉 🦄 💪

Summary

💪 We have deployed an ECS-CLI Cluster and launched a docker compose stack

🚀 The next step will be to expose and secure the stack using an AWS Application Load Balancer

The scripts associated with this article is available at

👉 https://github.com/raphaelmansuy/using-ecs-cli-tutorial-01.git

Top comments (5)

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georgi1980 profile image
georgi1980 •

Absolutely amazing job, thank you!

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naveen_marthala profile image
Naveen Marthala • • Edited

Thanks for this article. Some questions:

  1. Why is not it advised to use S3 as a volume for containers in ECS? Why create a filesystem with EFS?
  2. What difference would it make if docker_volumes are used instead of efs_volumes?
  3. What is the need to create a mount target for the file-system created?
  4. What does creating mount points to each subnet of the VPC mean?
  5. What does allowing NFS connections from VPC mean?
  6. Why does the port 2049 need to be opened in the security group?
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eddysanoli profile image
Eduardo Santizo •

Hey! I'm trying to do something very similar, but when I deploy my docker compose file, my postgres container crashes on startup because of this error: FATAL: role "root" does not exist. Did you run into something similar during your process? Thanks!

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raphaelmansuy profile image
Raphael MANSUY •

The picture was taken at the end of February in Hong Kong Central-Mid Levels

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hqtoan94 profile image
Toan Quoc Ho •

Thank you for an amazing article!
There is a question popup in my head, just wonder is it better if we apply Least privilege principle when setting AWS profile for the cli?

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