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Rajani Ekunde
Rajani Ekunde

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Linux Cheat sheet

Below we will see some of the important commands in Linux
System Based Commands

  • #uname Displays Linux system information
  • #uname -rDisplays kernel release information_
  • #uptimeDisplays how long the system has been running
  • #hostnameShows the system hostname
  • #hostname -iDisplays the IP address of the system
  • #last rebootShows system reboot history
  • #dateDisplays current system date and time
  • #whoamiDisplays who you are logged in as
  • #finger usernameDisplays information about the user

Hardware Based Command

  • #lshw Displays information about system's hardware configuration
  • #lsblkDisplays block devices related information
  • #free -mDisplays free and used memory in the system (-m indicates memory in MB)

Users Management Commands

  • #idDisplays the details of the active user e.g. uid, gid, and groups
  • #lastShows the last logins in the system
  • #whoShows who is logged in to the system
  • #groupadd "pink"Adds the group ‘pink’
  • #adduser "rajni"Adds user ‘rajni’
  • #userdel "rajni"Deletes user ‘rajni’
  • #usermodUsed for modifying user information_

File Commands

  • #ls -alLists files - both regular & hidden files and their permissions
  • #pwdDisplays the present working directory path
  • mkdir 'pink'Creates a new directory named ‘pink’
  • #rm file_nameRemoves a file
  • #rm -f filenameForcefully removes a file
  • #rm -r directory_nameRemoves a directory recursively
  • #rm -rf directory_nameRemoves a directory forcefully and recursively
  • #cp file1 file2Copies the contents of file1 to file2
  • #cp -r dir1 dir2Recursively Copies dir1 to dir2. dir2 is created if it does not exist
  • #mv file1 file2Renames file1 to file2
  • #ln -s /path/to/file_name link_nameCreates a symbolic link to file_name
  • #touch file_nameCreates a new file
  • #cat > file_namePlaces standard input into a file
  • #more file_nameOutputs the contents of a file
  • #head file_nameDisplays the first 10 lines of a file
  • #tail file_nameDisplays the last 10 lines of a file
  • #gpg -c file_nameEncrypts a file
  • #gpg file_name.gpgDecrypts a file
  • #wcPrints the number of bytes, words and lines in a file
  • #xargsExecutes commands from standard input

Process Related Commands

  • #psDisplay currently active processes
  • #ps aux | grep 'telnet'Searches for the id of the process 'telnet'
  • #pmapDisplays memory map of processes
  • #top Displays all running processes
  • #kill pidTerminates process with a given pid
  • #killall procKills / Terminates all processes named proc
  • #pkill process-nameSends a signal to a process with its name
  • #bgResumes suspended jobs in the background
  • #fgBrings suspended jobs to the foreground
  • #lsofLists files that are open by processes

File Permission Commands

  • #chmod octal filename -> Change file permissions of the file to octal Example
  • #chmod 777 peep.txtSet rwx permissions to owner, group and everyone
  • #chmod 755 peep.txt Set rwx to the owner and r_x to group and everyone
  • #chmod 766 peep.txt Sets rwx for owner, rw for group and everyone
  • #chown owner user-file Change ownership of the file
  • #chown owner-user:owner-group file_name Change owner and group owner of the file
  • #chown owner-user:owner-group directory Change owner and group owner of the directory

Network Commands

  • #ip addr show Displays IP addresses and all the network interfaces
  • #ip address add 192.160.0.1/24 dev eth0 Assigns IP address 192.168.0.1 to interface eth0
  • #ifconfig Displays IP addresses of all network interfaces
  • #ping host ping command sends an ICMP echo request to establish a connection to server
  • #whois domain Retrieves more information about a domain name
  • #dig domain Retrieves DNS information about the domain
  • #host google.com Performs an IP lookup for the domain name
  • #hostname -i Displays local IP address
  • #wget file_name Downloads a file from an online source
  • #netstat -pnltu Displays all active listening ports

Compression/Archives Commands

  • #tar -cf peep.tar peep<:code>Creates archive file called 'peep.tar' from file 'peep'
  • #tar -xf peep.tar Extract archive file 'peep.tar'
  • #tar -zcvf peep.tar.gz source-folder Creates gzipped tar archive file from the source folder
  • #gzip file Compression a file with .gz extension

Install Packages Commands

  • #rpm -i pkg_name.rpm Install an rpm package
  • #rpm -e pkg_name Removes an rpm package
  • #dnf install pkg_nameInstall package using dnf utility

What is DNF utility?
DNF - The Next Generation Package Management Utility for RPM Based Distributions
A recent news draw the attention of many Linux users, professionals and learners that " DNF" (stands for nothing…
www.tecmint.com

Search Commands

  • #grep 'pattern' files Search for a given pattern in files
  • #grep -r pattern dir Search recursively for a pattern in a given directory
  • #locate file Find all instances of the file
  • #find /home/ -name "index" Find file names that begin with 'index' in /home folder
  • #find /home -size +10000kFind files greater than 10000k in the home folder

File Transfer Commands

  • #scp file1.txt server2/tmp Securely copy file1.txt to server2 in /tmp directory
  • #rsync -a /home/apps /backup/ Synchronize contents in /home/apps directory with /backup directory

Disk Usage Commands

  • #df -h Displays free space on mounted systems
  • #df -i Displays free inodes on filesystems
  • #fdisk -l Shows disk partitions, sizes, and types
  • #du -sh Displays disk usage in the current directory in a human-readable format
  • #findmnt Displays target mount point for all filesystems
  • #mount device-path mount-pointMount a device

Directory Traverse Commands

  • #cd .. Move up one level in the directory tree structure
  • #cd Change directory to $HOME directory
  • #cd /test Change directory to /test directory

Thanks for reading✨
Hope you find this useful. Let me know your thoughts in the comment section and don’t forget to clap if you found the article helpful. To get notified, Do follow🌻

_Rajani ✨

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