What are different categories of how people view the world?

It is said that, how individuals act, or react, depends on how they view the world and themselves; so, how are people different in the society you live in? What are the demographics?

I am not looking for stereotypicals, but somewhat more elastic. Even so, it should help guide learning to fit in.

It might be important to understand this for both

• Lower barrier to entry tasks, or not needing much privileges; but cutthroat competition (therefore, competitors' mind?)
• Higher barrier to entry tasks, or need some privileges; but require some very specific response to the employers / customers / partners

I do care about personal growth, as a contributor to the society.