Software Testing
When creating a software, a mistake can be found when before or even after software is released. A mistake that occured in a software could be an error, bug and other similar things. Many potential mistakes in a software can be evaluated by testing a software itself. Software testing is not only to make sure that the software can be used effectively without any errors or bugs but also to ensure that software is suitable with the user's requirement.
Testing in Go
Test a software in Go can be done by creating a file with _test.go extension. This file must located in the same package with the object or program that need to be tested. To create a test in test file, create a function with the Test..(t *testing.T) form. To run a test, use go test command.
Here it is the example of simple testing of sum operation:
main.go
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Println("The result of 12 + 14 = ", sum(12, 14))
}
//create a sum function
func sum(x, y int) int {
return x + y
}
main_test.go
package main
import "testing"
//create a test
func TestSum(t *testing.T) {
result := sum(12, 14) //get the result
expected := 26
if result != expected {
t.Error("Expected", expected, "Got", result)
}
}
Output (use go test):
PASS
ok review-again/uji 4.023s
Other example if the test is failed.
main_test.go
package main
import "testing"
func TestSum(t *testing.T) {
result := sum(12, 14)
expected := 36 //change the expected value
if result != expected {
t.Error("Expected", expected, "Got", result)
}
}
Output:
--- FAIL: TestSum (0.00s)
main_test.go:9: Expected 36 Got 26
FAIL
exit status 1
FAIL review-again/uji 4.670s
The test can be customized by creating a custom struct that consists of test cases and the expected results.
package main
import "testing"
func TestSum(t *testing.T) {
//create a custom struct
type testSample struct {
data1 int
data2 int
answer int
}
//create a testcases that consist of testSamples
testCases := []testSample{
testSample{12, 14, 26},
testSample{5, 5, 10},
testSample{45, 45, 90},
}
//run a test for each test case
for _, v := range testCases {
result := sum(v.data1, v.data2)
if result != v.answer {
t.Error("Expected: ", v.answer, "Got: ", result)
}
}
}
Output:
PASS
ok review-again/uji 4.055s
When creating a package or library in Go, there is a test called example test which can be used to test the functionality of a package.
To create a example test, lets create a simple package called simplesqrt then create a file main.go to create a function that will be tested.
main.go (inside directory called simplesqrt)
package simplesqrt
import "math"
//SquareRoot returns square root of number
func SquareRoot(f float64) float64 {
return math.Pow(f, 0.5)
}
Then create a test file called main_test.go. The example test must begin with Example...
main_test.go
package simplesqrt
import "fmt"
//The usage of SquareRoot Function
func ExampleSquareRoot() {
fmt.Println("The result of square root of 16 = ", SquareRoot(16))
//Output: The result of square root of 16 = 4
}
The test can be run using go test command.
Output (use go test command):
PASS
ok review-again/simplesqrt 4.666s
The test can be checked in Godoc (Golang Documentation for packages) locally by godoc -http :8080.
After that, open a web browser and go to localhost:8080/pkg/<package location>/ then the example test looked like this.
Code coverage is also available in Go, Code coverage basically measures the coverage of code to make sure the code that written is useful and to minimize the potential of junk code or useless code.
Here it is the example of code coverage test:
fizbuz.go
package fizbuz
func FizBuz(i int) string {
if i%3 == 0 && i%5 == 0 {
return "FizzBuzz"
} else if i%3 == 0 {
return "Fizz"
} else if i%5 == 0 {
return "Buzz"
} else {
return "null"
}
}
fizbuz_test.go
package fizbuz
import "testing"
func TestFizBuz(t *testing.T) {
result := FizBuz(15)
if result != "FizzBuzz" {
t.Error("Expected", "FizzBuzz", "Got", result)
}
}
To test the coverage of a code (in this case is FizBuz() function) can be done by these commands:
-
go test -cover: This command is used to run a coverage test then print the result to the console. -
go test -coverprofile c.out: This command is used to run a coverage test then write the result inc.outfile. Thec.outcan be any file. -
go tool cover -html c.out: This command is used to run a coverage test then show the result in web page. With this command. The coverage of a code can be analyzed which part of code is executed or not.
Output (go test -cover):
PASS
coverage: 28.6% of statements
ok review-again/uji/fizbuz 4.669s
Output (inside c.out file):
mode: set
review-again/uji/fizbuz/fizbuz.go:3.27,4.26 1 1
review-again/uji/fizbuz/fizbuz.go:4.26,6.3 1 1
review-again/uji/fizbuz/fizbuz.go:6.8,6.21 1 0
review-again/uji/fizbuz/fizbuz.go:6.21,8.3 1 0
review-again/uji/fizbuz/fizbuz.go:8.8,8.21 1 0
review-again/uji/fizbuz/fizbuz.go:8.21,10.3 1 0
review-again/uji/fizbuz/fizbuz.go:10.8,12.3 1 0
Output (using go tool cover -html c.out):
Benchmarking in Go
Benchmarking is basically measuring the performance of software to make sure the software can be used efficiently. Benchmarking in Go can be done by creating a function with Benchmark...(b *testing.B) notation.
Here it is the example of benchmarking in Go, in this case, the SquareRoot() and AnotherSquareRoot() function used for benchmarking example.
main.go
package simplesqrt
import "math"
//SquareRoot returns square root of number
func SquareRoot(f float64) float64 {
return math.Pow(f, 0.5)
}
//AnotherSquareRoot return square root of number using math.Sqrt()
func AnotherSquareRoot(f float64) float64 {
return math.Sqrt(f)
}
main_test.go
package simplesqrt
import (
"fmt"
"testing"
)
//The usage of SquareRoot Function
func ExampleSquareRoot() {
fmt.Println("The result of square root of 16 = ", SquareRoot(16))
//Output: The result of square root of 16 = 4
}
//Benchmark for SquareRoot() function
func BenchmarkSquareRoot(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
SquareRoot(16)
}
}
//Benchmark for AnotherSquareRoot() function
func BenchmarkAnotherSquareRoot(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
AnotherSquareRoot(16)
}
}
Output (use go test -bench .):
goos: windows
goarch: amd64
pkg: review-again/simplesqrt
BenchmarkSquareRoot-4 200000000 7.63 ns/op
BenchmarkAnotherSquareRoot-4 2000000000 0.44 ns/op
PASS
ok review-again/simplesqrt 9.401s
Based on the output, there are two benchmark results:
-
BenchmarkSquareRoot-4has done 200000000 operations with 7.63 nano second per operation -
BenchmarkAnotherSquareRoot-4has done 2000000000 operations with 0.44 nano second per operation
The output can be explained like this:
//name of benchmark func //num of operations //execution time
BenchmarkSquareRoot-4 200000000 7.63 ns/op
BenchmarkAnotherSquareRoot-4 2000000000 0.44 ns/op
Notice that the AnotherSquareRoot() function is more efficient than SquareRoot() function. Because the AnotherSquareRoot() function has a smaller number in execution time.
Notes
- Documentation for test package can be checked here
This is the final part of golang basic tutorial series in this blog. I hope this golang basic tutorial series is helpful for learning the Go programming language 😀.
What's Next ?
- Practice by coding, for example you can solve some problems in online coding exercise website like hackerrank or other related website.
- Learn more about the Golang best practices.
I hope this article helpful for helping to learn the Go programming language. If you have any thoughts or feedbacks, you can write it in the discussion section below.
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