🎉 From today, I'm going to write a series of 10 articles titled "Learn Python in 10 Days". If you follow along and read diligently, by Day 11, you'll be a proficient Python developer! 🚀
Day 1: Python Basics
1. Literals
Literals are fixed values in your code. Here are some common data types in Python:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Number (int) | Integer value |
10, -10
|
| Number (float) | Floating-point number | 3.14 |
| Number (complex) | Complex number |
3+4j (ends with j) |
| Boolean (bool) | Represents True/False values |
True (1), False (0) |
| String (str) | Text | "Hello Python!" |
| List | Ordered, mutable collection | [1, 2, 3] |
| Tuple | Ordered, immutable collection | (1, 2, 3) |
| Set | Unordered, unique items | {1, 2, 3} |
| Dictionary | Key-Value pairs | {"key": "value"} |
2. Comments
Comments explain your code. They aren't executed but can help others understand your code.
-
Single-line comments start with
#
# This prints hello
print("hello") # There should be a space after the `#`
-
Multi-line comments use triple quotes (
""")
"""
This is a multi-line comment.
It describes the purpose of the code.
"""
3. Variables
Variables store data during program execution.
# Define a variable
balance = 100
print("Balance:", balance)
# Spend $10
balance = balance - 10
print("Balance:", balance)
4. Data Types
The primary data types you'll encounter:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| int | Integer | 10 |
| float | Floating-point | 3.14 |
| str | String | "Hello!" |
Use type() to get the data type.
print(type(10)) # <class 'int'>
print(type(3.14)) # <class 'float'>
print(type("Hi")) # <class 'str'>
5. Type Conversion
Convert between data types as needed.
# Convert to string
num_str = str(10)
# Convert string to integer
num_int = int("20")
# Convert float to int
float_int = int(3.14) # Loses precision
6. Identifiers
Names for variables, functions, etc. Must follow these rules:
- Use letters (a-z, A-Z), digits (0-9), and underscores (_).
- Cannot start with a digit.
- Case-sensitive.
- Can't use Python keywords.
# Correct
i_am_variable = 1
I_Am_Class = "Python"
# Incorrect
1_variable = "Nope"
class = "Nope" # 'class' is a keyword
7. Operators
-
Arithmetic operators:
+,-,*,/,//,%,**
| Operator | Description | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | Adds two objects; a + b outputs the result |
| - | Subtraction | Negates a number or subtracts one number from another; a - b outputs the result |
| * | Multiplication | Multiplies two numbers or returns a string repeated a certain number of times; a * b outputs the result |
| / | Division | Divides a by b
|
| // | Floor Division | Returns the integer part of the quotient; 9 // 2 outputs 4
|
| % | Modulus | Returns the remainder of the division; 9 % 2 outputs 1
|
| ** | Exponentiation | Raises a to the power of b; a ** b
|
print("1 + 1 =", 1 + 1)
print("5 % 2 =", 5 % 2) # Modulus
-
Assignment operators:
=,+=,-=
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Assignment Operator | Assigns the value on the right to the variable on the left, e.g., num = 2 * 3 results in num being 6
|
| += | Add AND assignment |
c += a is equivalent to c = c + a
|
| -= | Subtract AND assignment |
c -= a is equivalent to c = c - a
|
| *= | Multiply AND assignment |
c *= a is equivalent to c = c * a
|
| /= | Divide AND assignment |
c /= a is equivalent to c = c / a
|
| %= | Modulus AND assignment |
c %= a is equivalent to c = c % a
|
| **= | Exponent AND assignment |
c **= a is equivalent to c = c ** a
|
| //= | Floor Divide AND assignment |
c //= a is equivalent to c = c // a
|
num = 5
num += 3 # num = num + 3
print(num)
8. Strings
Definition:
- Single quotes:
'text' - Double quotes:
"text" - Triple quotes:
'''text'''
name = "John Doe"
quote = 'He said, "Python is awesome!"'
String Concatenation:
greeting = "Hello" + " " + "World"
print(greeting)
String Formatting:
age = 25
message = f"My age is {age}"
print(message)
9. Input
Use input() to get user input.
name = input("Enter your name: ")
print(f"Hello, {name}!")
Stay tuned for more awesome Python tips and tricks in the upcoming days! 🎉
Hope this helps! If you have any more questions, feel free to ask! 😊
Top comments (0)