Using the new :has pseudo-class as a CSS parent selector

Introduction

Modern browsers have started to support the :has pseudo-class. Safari supports it since March 2022 and Chrome just released a new version in August 2022 that supports it. In Firefox it can used enabling the layout.css.has-selector.enabled flag.

The :has() pseudo-class selector can be used as a parent selector. It is very powerful because it accepts a relative selector list as an argument, therefore, possibilities are endless.

Example

Let's see some examples of how the :has pseudo-class can be used. We have the following html structure:

<div>
  <div>
    <img src="ocean.jpeg" />
    <p>Image description.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
    <img src="html.jpg" />
  </div>
</div>

We have two images, one with a description and one without.

First, we are going to select the div element that contains the image with a description. For this we can use the child selector > like this: div:has(> p). For our example it is enough, but we could do something more specific like combining the child selector and the adjacent sibling selector + like this: div:has(> img + p).

• div:has(> p) is going to select the div elements that contain a paragraph.
• div:has(> img + p) is going to select the div elements that contain an image and a paragraph.

We can use both for our example.

div:has(> p) {
  border: 2px solid #000;
  border-radius: 5%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
}

Now we are going to remove the margin of the image that has a description and we are going to give it some border radius.

img:has(+ p) {
  margin: 0;
  border-radius: 5%;
}

Finally, we are going to give the image without a description some border radius. For this we are going to use the :not() pseudo-class.

• img:not(:has(+ p)) is going to select the img elements that do not have a p element as an adjacent sibling.

img:not(:has(+ p)) {
  border-radius: 50%;
}

This is the final result:

You can also see the HTML rendered at the bottom of this page. Remember that only if you are using any of the browsers that already supports the :has pseudo-class you will see the result.

Resources

• Browser support
• :has() documentation - mdn web docs