Learn Git in an afternoon (Beginners) 😎🐱‍💻

Git

Acording to Git scm. Git is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.

Git is easy to learn and has a tiny footprint with lightning fast performance.

Github

Is a platform where you can put your code in a cloud git repository completely free and where other developers could see your code and contribute or use it.

Github is very useful and is used by a lot of developers in the world. This tool could allow you to improve as developer and be atractive to software companies.

We won't learn about Github in this tutorial, but if you want to learn it, check this:

Now, we have to type in the terminal this:

git init

You'll get something like this:

And the job is done! we have our git repository initialized 💪🏻, Go to the later steps.

In Git, you have to specify what files will be added on your repository. To know what files can be added you can type:

git status

And get something like this:

The command shows the status of all project files, In this case the red ones are untracked files, that means these files will be ignored by git, unless we add them to the repository, for this, we can type:
git add app.js
and
git add index.html

useful tip 🤓
There is a way to add all untracked/modified files to the repo. in one line, you just have to type a dot instead of the file name:
git add .

Now, we have our files added to the project, so if we run a git status again we'll have:

But, what does mean this? Well, as we can see, the green color filenames with "new file:" tag indicates that these files have been added succesfully to the repo.
So, we can start to use these files and make our history of changes and other interesting things.
For that, continue with the next step 👇🏻.

For commit the pending changes (in this case, the added files), we can type a command like the following:
git commit -m "Initial files"

In this command, the structure is the following:

• git commit : Indicates that you'll commit the pending changes (all green files getted on "git status" will be committed).
• -m "Initial files" : These are optional, but is strongly recommended put it because the text between quotes is the message, and servers to set the reason/sense/description of the commit. Good commit descriptions allows you (and others) understand better your code 🤔. This commit message should have the what? and why? of your code changes.

We type "Inital files" because we are adding the app.js and index.html for first time, and its are the first files in our project.

After entering that last command we'll get:
(When you enter this command first time, git will ask you for an username and email, this is for author register only)

Now, if we type again git status, we'll get:

That means we have done the commit successfully and the repository doesn't have pending changes.

Now, since we have made our first commit, it means that we can see it in the repository history, for this we just have to type:
git log

There, you could see all commits made in this repository (we'll see git log command more detailed in the other step).

Now, we'll modify the file app.js

If we modify some file, git will detect the changes automatically (the file must have been added with git add before).

Now, we can type git status again to see the changes:

The important thing here, is the red label modified: app.js. The difference between this result and the first git status is the "modified:" instead of "new:" tag.

This is beacause we have already added and commited the app.js file for first time, but now we have made modifications, then we need to add and commit again this changed file 👇🏼

Now we can commit this new change typing:

git add app.js
git commit -m "change welcome text" 

or

git commit app.js -m "change welcome text"

Both work fine, but if you want to add more files in one commit you should use git add way.

Now, we can type git log again to see the new history:

In the next step, we'll see more details about git log command, it will be a short section.

git log structure:

• Red mark: Commit ID

This is auto-generated for git and identify a specific commit

• Yellow mark: Commit message

Is the text wich we putted in git commit -m "message"

• Blue mark: HEAD -> branch

This can sound confusing, but indicates in wich "branch" of the repo we are, don't worry, you don't need to know this for now, will be nice in the future, but not for the basics 🤠

Useful Tip 💡:
You can type git log --oneline and you'll get a better and more readable output of your commit history:

Now we have a more simple log, (note that ID is reduced to it's 7 last characters).