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GridCircuits

Free engineering calculators for substation automation, protection & control and transmission engineers. Every tool shows its formula and standard reference (IEEE/ANSI, IEC).

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Three-Phase Power: kW, kVA, and Why Power Factor Sits Between Them

Three-Phase Power: kW, kVA, and Why Power Factor Sits Between Them

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2 min read
Distance Protection Zones: Why Zone 2 Waits

Distance Protection Zones: Why Zone 2 Waits

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4 min read
Arc Flash Incident Energy: Why Working Distance Matters More Than the Label

Arc Flash Incident Energy: Why Working Distance Matters More Than the Label

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4 min read
Power Factor Correction, Worked Out: 500 kW from 0.75 to 0.95 PF

Power Factor Correction, Worked Out: 500 kW from 0.75 to 0.95 PF

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2 min read
Symmetrical Components in Plain English: Fortescue Without the Fog

Symmetrical Components in Plain English: Fortescue Without the Fog

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3 min read
Grounding Conductor Sizing: What the Table Actually Assumes

Grounding Conductor Sizing: What the Table Actually Assumes

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3 min read
Analog Scaling in SCADA: 4–20 mA to Engineering Units Without the Guesswork

Analog Scaling in SCADA: 4–20 mA to Engineering Units Without the Guesswork

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4 min read
Per-Unit Without the Headache: Changing Base in Two Lines

Per-Unit Without the Headache: Changing Base in Two Lines

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2 min read
Transformer Impedance and Fault Current: A Quick Worked Example

Transformer Impedance and Fault Current: A Quick Worked Example

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3 min read
IDMT Relay Curves Explained: Picking the Right Curve for Feeder Protection

IDMT Relay Curves Explained: Picking the Right Curve for Feeder Protection

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3 min read
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