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Valid Parentheses

#20.Valid Parentheses

Problem statement

Given a string s containing just the characters '(', ')', '{', '}', '[' and ']', determine if the input string is valid.

An input string is valid if:

  1. Open brackets must be closed by the same type of brackets.
  2. Open brackets must be closed in the correct order.

Example 1

Input: s = "()"
Output: true
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Example 2

Input: s = "()[]{}"
Output: true
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Example 3

Input: s = "(]"
Output: false
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Explanation

給定一個字串其內容僅有 ()[]{} 六種括號來組成,其括號的使用方式和規則與數學運算使用時的相同,例如 ( 僅能以 ) 關閉,請確認字串是否為有效

Solution

一開始先將奇數長度的字串排除,因為括號為倆倆一組,不會有單一括號存在。

建立一個堆疊來裝載後續迴圈內判斷出的右括號,使用一迴圈迭代字串內所有字符,在每次迭代中,判斷當前字符是否為任一左括號,如果是,則在堆疊中存入對應的右括號;如果當前符號為右括號,將堆疊最上方的元素推出,比較兩者是否一樣,若一樣繼續下次迴圈,否則直接返回 false

在最後一個 else if 中除了上述的判斷之外,如果迴圈尚未結束,但堆疊內已經沒有任何元素,表示已經沒有對應的括號,直接返回 false

迴圈結束後,如果堆疊內還有元素存在,也表示沒有相對應的括號,故最後直接返回堆疊內數量是否等於零的判斷結果

public bool IsValid(string s)
{
    if (s.Length % 2 != 0) return false;

    Stack<char> stack = new Stack<char>();

    for (int i = 0; i < s.Length; i++)
    {
        if (s[i] == '(')
            stack.Push(')');
        else if (s[i] == '[')
            stack.Push(']');
        else if (s[i] == '{')
            stack.Push('}');
        else if (stack.Count == 0 || s[i] != stack.Pop())
            return false;
    }

    return stack.Count == 0;
}
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Reference

LeetCode Solution

GitHub Repository


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