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DanielJang
DanielJang

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Closure(Handy methods)

We could see Concept of Closure from Closure (Concept)

Collections have several handy methods by using closure syntax.
Let’s study how Closure can be useful when dealing with collections.

forEach

  • forEach doesn’t return anything

syntax:

anyArrays.forEach { elementOfArray in
  print(elementOfArray)
}

//Same performance as for ~ in loop
for elementOfArray in anyArrays {
  print(elementOfArray)
}
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Example:

var nameArray = ["Daniel", "Billy", "Gon"]
nameArray.forEach { name in
    print(name)
}
//or
nameArray.forEach { print($0) }
/*Result
 Daniel
 Billy
 Gon*/


var integerArray = [1, 2, 3]
integerArray.forEach{ print($0) }
/*Result
 1
 2
 3*/
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map

  • map returns an array

syntax:

let returnedArray = anyArrays.map { elementOfArray in
  statements
}
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Example 1 : below example return new string array from string array

var nameArray = ["Daniel", "Billy", "Gon"]
let returnedNameArray = nameArray.map { name in
    name.uppercased()   //TIP: you can remove return keyword when statement is singline in curly brace
}
//or same as below
let returnedNameArray = nameArray.map { $0.uppercased() }

//Result: returnedNameArray = ["DANIEL", "BILLY", "GON"]
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Example 2: below example return new string array from integer array (i.e. based on your statement you can convert your original array to other type’s array 🤩

let numbers = [2, 4, 6]
let stringNumbers = numbers.map { number -> String in   
    "count is \(number)"  //TIP: return keyword is removed becuase of statement is singline
}
//or
let stringNumbers = numbers.map { number in   
    "count is \(number)"
}
//or
let stringNumbers = numbers.map {  "count is \($0)"  }

//Reesult: stringNumbers = ["count is 2", "count is 4", "count is 6"]
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compactMap

  • compactMap return array without “nil” value

syntax:

let returnedArray = anyArrays.compactMap { elementOfArray in
  statements
}
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Example:

let stringArray = ["3.14", "20.5", "Daniel"]

let integerArray = stringArray.compactMap{ element in
    Double(element)
}

//Result: integerArray = [3.14, 20.5]
// stringArray have 3 element
// first element(3.14) can be converted to Double by Double("3.14")
// second element(20.5) can be converted to Double by Double("20.5")
// BUT third element "Daniel" cannot be converted to Double. Double("Daniel") is nil value 
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flatMap

  • return combined single dimension array from multi dimension input array

syntax:

let returnedArray = anyArrays.flatMap { elementOfArray in
  statements
}
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Example:

let multiDimensionArray = [ ["Apple", "Tomato", "Banana"], ["100", "200", "300"] ]
let combinedArray = multiDimensionArray.flatMap { $0 }

//Result: combinedArray = ["Apple", "Tomato", "Banana", "100", "200", "300"]
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filter

  • return array with passed elements when condition statement is true in closure

syntax:

let returnedArray = anyArrays.filter { elementOfArray in
  condition statements
}
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Example:

let inputScore = [ 34, 14, 68, 70, 23, 90, 95]
let passedScore = inputScore.filter { score in
    score > 50
}

//Result: passedScore = [68, 70, 90, 95]
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reduce

  • return “Result” can be any types
  • reduce have 2 arguments, first is initial vlaue and sencond is closure with return Result
  • Closure which is second argument has return data type same as initialValue’s data type
  • Closure returns Result and closure’s first value get the return value until last element
  • closure:(Result,Any) -> Result)

syntax:

let returnedValue = anyArrays.reduce(initialValue: Result, closure:(Result,Element) -> Result)
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Example:

let inputScore = [ 34, 14, 68, 70, 23, 90, 95]
//first argument(0) is initial valye and second argument is closure
//total is as stored property with 0 initial value
//score is element of inputScore array
let sumScore = inputScore.reduce(0, { total, score in  
    total + score
})

//Let's change format by trailling closure
let sumScore = inputScore.reduce(0) { total, score in  
    total + score
}

//Result: sumScore = 394
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reduce(into:)

  • return “Result” can be any types
  • reduce have 2 arguments, first is initial vlaue and sencond is closure without return Result(Closure doesn’t return anything)
  • Closure’s first argument has “inout” label. That means the argument is mutable(we will store value to the first argument “Result”
  • “initialValue”’s data type and first argument’s data type of “closure” are same.

syntax:

let returnedValue = anyArrays.reduce(initialValue: Result, closure:(inout Result, Element) -> ( ))
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Example:

var inputDic = [1: 3.5, 2: 6, 3: 4.4]

// [] is initial array, element is element of inputDic
var outputArray = inputDic.reduce(into: []) { partialResult, element in   
    partialResult.append(Double(element.key) * Double(element.value))
}

//Result: outputArray = [3.5, 12.0, 13.200000000000001]
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sort

  • sorting ascending order
  • reassign return array to input array itself

syntax:

inputArray.sort()
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Example:

var numbers = [3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2]
numbers.sort()

//Result: numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
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sort(by:)

  • sorting by “by” argument(closure)
  • reassign return array to input array itself

syntax:

inputArray.sort(by: (element, element) throws -> Bool)
//or
inputArray.sort { element, element in
  condition statement
}
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Example

var numbers = [3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2]
numbers.sort { a, b in
    a > b
}
//or
numbers.sort { $0 > $1 }
//or
number.sort(by: >)

//Result: numbers = [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
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sorted

  • sorting ascending order
  • assign return array to new array
  • original input array value is no-change

syntax:

let newArray = inputArray.sorted()
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Example:

var numbers = [3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2]
let newNumbers = numbers.sorted()
//Result
//numbers = [3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2]
//newNumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
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sorted(by:)

  • sorting by “by” argument(closure)
  • assign return array to new array
  • original input array value is no-change

syntax:

let newArray = inputArray.sorted(by: (element, element) throws -> Bool)
//or
let newArray = inputArray.sorted{ element, element in
  condition statement
}
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Example:

var numbers = [3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2]

let newNumbers = numbers.sorted { a, b in
    a > b
}
//or
let newNumbers = numbers.sorted { $0 > $1 }
//or
let newNumbers = numbers.sorted(by: >)

//Result
//numbers = [3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2]
//newNumbers = [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
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Yea~~~~ Done !!!

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