Linux File System is organized in directories, each directory serves a purpose, here you can find a short but precise description for the most usefull directories:
Check this post to get the path where you are located in Linux.
| / | The root directory, all directories start from this directory. |
|---|---|
| /bin | Has programs essential for the system. |
| /boot | Has the Linux kernel, files needed for the boot sequence and boot configuration files. |
| /dev | Everything in Linux is a file, a device recognized by the system is represented by a file. |
| /etc | Has system wide configuration files, some of the most important are: crontab: scheduled tasks fstab: mount points * passwd: users |
| /home | Has directories for each user, a good practice is to keep this directory on a seperate partition. |
| /lib | Shared libraries for the programs. |
| /lost+found | It keeps filesystem recovered files, normally is empty. |
| /media | Mount points for removable media like usb. |
| /mnt | For things you mount manually or with fstab. |
| /opt | Usually is used to install optionall software. |
| /proc | Its a virtual file system which keeps files for running processes. |
| /root | The home directory for the root user. |
| /sbin | Programs that used from the root user. |
| /tmp | Used to keep temporary files used by the processes, its emptied after a reboot. |
| /usr | Contains programs/files used by regular users. |
| /usr/bin | Contains programs installed by the Linux installer. |
| /usr/lib | Shared libraries for programs in /usr/bin. |
| /usr/local | Programs that are not installed by the Linux installer, but are used for system wide usage. |
| /usr/sbin | Programs executed with sudo or root user, usually system administration things. |
| /usr/share | Files shared by programs in /usr/bin. |
| /usr/share/doc | Documentation files of programs in /usr/bin. |
| /var | Holds files that usually changes over time, like databases files. |
| /var/log | Logs of various programs. |
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