Want to know your Hostname, IP address and much more about your system and that too from COMMAND LINE !!!

Host name:

Each device in the network is associated with a unique device name known as Hostname.
Type “hostname” in the command prompt(Administrator Mode) and press ‘Enter’, this displays the hostname of your machine.

IP Address:

To identify each device in the world-wide-web, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) assigns an IPV4 (Version 4) address as a unique identifier to each device on the Internet.

The length of an IPv4 address is 32-bits, hence, we have 232 IP addresses available. The length of an IPv6 address is 128-bits.

Type “ipconfig” in the command prompt and press ‘Enter’, this
gives us the IP address of the device.

MAC Address (Media Access Control address):

Also known as physical address, the MAC Address is the unique identifier of each host and is associated with its NIC (Network Interface Card).

A MAC address is assigned to the NIC at the time of manufacturing.
The length of the MAC address is : 12-nibble/ 6 bytes/ 48 bits
Type “ipconfig/all” in the command prompt and press ‘Enter’, this gives us the MAC address.

Port:

A port can be referred to as a logical channel through which data can be sent/received to an application.

Any host may have multiple applications running, and each of these applications is identified using the port number on which they are running.

A port number is a 16-bit integer, hence, we have 216 ports available.

Well known Ports 0 – 1023
Registered Ports 1024 – 49151
Ephemeral Ports 49152 – 65535

Type “netstat -a” in the command prompt and press ‘Enter’, this lists all the ports being used.

Socket:

The unique combination of IP address and Port number together are termed as Socket.

DNS Server:

DNS stands for Domain Name system.

DNS is basically a server which translates web addresses or URLs (ex: www.google.com) into their corresponding IP addresses. We don’t have to remember all the IP addresses of each and every website.

The command ‘nslookup’ gives you the IP address of the domain you are looking for. This also provides the information of our DNS Server.

nslookup www.google.com

ARP:

ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol.
It is used to convert an IP address to its corresponding physical address(i.e., MAC Address).
ARP is used by the Data Link Layer to identify the MAC address of the Receiver’s machine.

RARP:

RARP stands for Reverse Address Resolution Protocol.
As the name suggests, it provides the IP address of the device given a physical address as input. But RARP has become obsolete since the time DHCP has come into the picture.

Thanks for reading <3