Introduction
When working with a server, one will always have to save and retrieve data using a database. There are many server-side languages and databases available. In this article, you will learn how to use MongoDB with Node.js.
MongoDB is a non-relational database. It is a document-oriented storage system. It stores and retrieves data in JSON format, instead of the traditional table and row format used in relational databases ( MYSQL, PostgreSQL ).
Prerequisites
- A supported version of Node.js installed
- A MongoDB Atlas account
- Basic knowledge of Node.js and Express.js
Getting started
To demonstrate how to use MongoDB with Node.js, we will build a simple book inventory. You will learn how to add, get, edit, and remove books from your inventory.
Make sure that your code editor has the following folders and files ready.
Installing dependencies
Quick note:
Mongoose is a library that creates a connection between MongoDB and an Express-based application.
Dotenv is used to load data from a
.envfile into a Node.js environment so it can access it usingprocess.env.
Moving on, run the commands below in your terminal to install the dependencies needed for this project.
npm install express
npm install mongoose
npm install dotenv
Retrieving the MongoDB connection string
Login into your MongoDB Atlas account to connect to the database from your Node.js application
Follow these easy steps to retrieve the connection string:
- Click on
connecton your Database Deployment dashboard.
- Choose the
Connect to your applicationoption.
- Copy the connection string
Writing code
At this point, the dependencies and connection string should be ready for use.
The server.js file should look like this for the time being
const express = require('express')
const dotenv = require('dotenv')
const path = require('path')
const app = express()
dotenv.config({path: './config/config.env'})
app.use(express.json())
const port = process.env.port
app.listen(port, () => {
console.log(`port ${port} connected...`)
})
The config.env file will hold the following environment variables:
port = 8080
mongo_uri = mongodb+srv://mongodb-template:<password>@cluster0.8lmmv.mongodb.net/myFirstDatabase?retryWrites=true&w=majority
Restart your server after copying the code snippet above into your config.env file
Replace
<password>with the actual password of the database
Next step, let's create a MongoDB connection, in the db.js file.
const mongoose = require('mongoose')
const connectDb = async () => {
const conn = await mongoose.connect(process.env.mongo_uri, {
useNewUrlParser: true,
useUnifiedTopology: true
})
console.log(`mongodb connected: ${conn.connection.host}`)
}
module.exports = connectDb
Now that the database connection is ready, update the server.js file.
const express = require('express')
const dotenv = require('dotenv')
const connectDb = require('./database/db')
const app = express()
dotenv.config({path:'./config/config.env'})
app.use(express.json())
//database connection
connectDb()
const port = process.env.port
app.listen(port, () => {
console.log(`port ${port} connected...`)
})
Creating the schema
MongoDB schema is a JSON object that decides what the database is allowed to be stored.
Setting up BookSchema.js :
const mongoose = require('mongoose')
const BookSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
title:{
type:String,
required:true,
unique:true
},
author:{
type:String,
required:true,
unique:true
},
isbn:{
type:String,
unique:true
}
})
module.exports = mongoose.model('BookSchema', BookSchema)
Routes
Starting on the book.js file, bring in the router and BookSchema model.
const router = require('express').Router()
const Book = require('../model/BookSchema')
The book.js file will contain the following requests:
POST request
router.post('/', async (req,res) => {
const { title, author, isbn } = req.body
const newBook = await Book.create({ title, author, isbn })
res.status(201).json({
success:true,
data:newBook
})
})
The code snippet above will store the name, author, and isbn of a book.
GET request
There will be two variants of the
GETrequest. One willGETall books while the other willGETjust a particular book.
router.get('/', async (req,res) => {
const books = await Book.find()
res.status(200).json({
success:true,
data: books,
num: books.length
})
})
router.get('/:id', async (req,res) => {
const book = await Book.findById(req.params.id)
res.status(200).json({
success:true,
data: book
})
})
PUT request
router.put('/:id', async (req,res) => {
let book = await Book.findById(req.params.id)
book = await Book.findByIdAndUpdate(req.params.id, {$set:req.body}, {
new:true,
runValidator:false
})
res.status(200).json({
success:true,
data: book
})
})
The code snippet above updates the book details that match the specified ID.
DELETE request
This operation will also have two variants in case we want to DELETE one or all entries from the database.
router.delete('/:id', async (req,res) => {
await Book.findByIdAndRemove(req.params.id)
res.status(200).json({
success:true,
data: 'book deleted'
})
})
router.delete('/', async (req,res) => {
await Book.deleteMany()
res.status(200).json({
success:true,
data: 'All books deleted'
})
})
Lastly, export the router.
module.exports = router
Take a deep breath. At this point, we are almost done.
Update the server.js file one last time with the router.
const express = require('express')
const dotenv = require('dotenv')
const connectDb = require('./database/db')
const app = express()
dotenv.config({path:'./config/config.env'})
app.use(express.json())
//database connection
connectDb()
//mount the route
const bookRoute = require('./routes/book')
app.use('/api/v1/book', bookRoute)
const port = process.env.port
app.listen(port, () => {
console.log(`port ${port} connected...`)
})
Conclusion
In this article, you learned how to use MongoDB with Node.js by creating a simple project. I hope you found this tutorial easy to follow.
Happy coding! 😀
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