How they Use AWS Services
Binge-watching ๐ฟhas become more and more of a phenomena. Netflix ๐ฌ has transformed the way we watch shows. Beneath its interface ๐ is a really sophisticated system that effortlessly introduces new shows, movies ๐ฅ and beams them to countless devices ๐ฑ๐ป worldwide.
Today, we'll take a deep dive into the magic โจ behind Netflix's content orchestration and distribution, and unravel the AWS cloud โ๏ธ mechanics that support its beautiful framework. ๐๐ ๏ธ
1. The Netflix Magic ๐ฌ๐ฟ
Step 1: Metadata and Shows โจ
We start our Netflix adventure with its administrators ๐งโโ๏ธ uploading fresh episodes and movies, with metadata such as tags ๐ท๏ธ, titles ๐, and descriptions ๐๏ธ. The metadata is the backbone of organizing and categorizing shows, making your search for the next binge-watch, sleek and smooth. The metadata will be stored in the Elasticsearch/OpenSearch Database ๐๏ธ, renowned for their flash โก speed search !
Step 2: Uploading and Process Videos! ๐ฅโก๏ธโ๏ธ
Once our Admin hits the upload
button, the video ๐๏ธ is uploaded to an Amazon S3 bucket ๐ชฃ. To make sure everyone, no matter their device ๐ฑ๐ป๐ฅ๏ธ or internet speed ๐, gets a flawless viewing ๐ฟ experience, once uploaded, the video gets a a complete makeover ๐. Thanks to AWS Elemental MediaConvert
๐, the video is converted into various sizes (4K, 1080p, 720p), perfectly fitting all screen sizes.
Step 3: AI Content Analysis in Action! ๐๐ค
Next, let's get into quality checks. For that, Netflix uses its AWS Rekognition
๐ง โ๏ธ. It meticulously scans ๐ต๏ธโโ๏ธ all uploaded videos to spot any sensitive ๐ซ content ๐ผ. Thanks to this tool ๐ค๐, Netflix ensures that their platform remains a safe and wholesome space for all viewers. After all it is safety first, binge later!
๐ก๏ธ๐ฟ
Step 4: AWS Step Functions for Parallel Processing ๐คนโ๏ธ
We all have our shows that we are impatiently waiting to watch on our favorite streaming platform. So the Netflix team cannot wait and upload one movie then another. To fix this, Netflix amped up its efficiency by using AWS Step Functions
for speedy parallel processing ๐โฉof videos. Think of AWS Step Functions
as a series ๐ผof tasks, from content scanning ๐ to AI content analysis ๐๐ค (Step 1 to 3), all at the same beat. With all these processes happening side by side, not only does the waiting time โณ drop drastically, but in addition the whole Netflix ecosystem runs even smoother ๐โจ.
Step 5: Smart Storage Frequent vs Infrequent Access ๐ฆ๐
Once the processing is completed, our videos are stored in a frequently used Amazon S3 bucket
๐ฅ๐ผ, where it's all set for prime time. Here's the smart bit: any movie or episode that is not frequently watched ๐คทโโ๏ธ๐, gets transferred to a cozy spot in the 'chill-zone' S3 Glacier
๐๏ธ๐ชฃ. This storage switch-ups ๐บ๐ not only ensure that costs are kept low ๐ฒโ๏ธ but also that resources are used in the best way possible ๐ง โก
Efficiency meets elegance! ๐ฉโจ
Step 6: Deep Freeze Dive for Rare Gems ๐๏ธโ๏ธ
What about those shows and episodes ๐ฌ that only a select few cherish ๐? Netflix keeps them Amazon S3 Glacier
. Think of AWS S3 Glacier as a vault ๐๏ธ where cinematic rarities are safely kept, until needed. This multi-layered storage strategy ๐ฐ ensures that all Netflix's content is cost-effective.
A balance of budget ๐ธ and value ๐ก with flair! ๐๐
Next -> The Nextflix Express Lane
Step 7: Netflix and AWS CDN (Open Connect) ๐๐ฅ
In 2020, Netflix became and international phenomenon. They needed to provide similar seamless quality to their international customers. As a solution, Netflix used AWS' Content Delivery Network, Open Connect
๐โก Open Connect uses AWS' Edge Locations located internationally to slash wait times ๐ making sure their next binge-worthy shows are just a blink away ๐บโจ.
Lightning-quick movie magic! ๐ฟ๐ฌ๐
Step 8: Diving Deep with Data Magic ๐โจ
The one thing which too many people seem not really that important but which makes all the difference to all companies, is data. To unlock the mysteries of its user habits ๐ต๏ธโโ๏ธ๐ก and system prowess ๐ฅ๏ธ๐, Netflix uses ELK stack trio: Elasticsearch
, Logstash
, and Kibana
.
How do they all work together to make Netflix better ?
First Elasticsearch
the detective, sorts and stashes away logs (clues) ๐๐; next, Logstash
the craftsman, processes and channels the data ๐โ๏ธ; and Kibana
? The artist ๐จ, paints beautiful data visualizations for Netflix engineers to use. With this dynamic trio, Netflix ensures every move is backed by data ๐ and strategy๐ช!
2. Netflix and us, viewers ๐โจ
Step 1: One Service, Many Screens ๐บ๐ฑ๐ป๐ฎ
Now let us step into our shoes. Whether you're on a smartphone ๐ฑ, TV ๐บ, laptop ๐ป, or even a gaming console ๐ฎ, you can access your favorite streaming platform. This chameleon-like adaptability ensures that no matter your device, you always have access to ๐ฟ๐ฌthe same responsive, seamless and beautiful user experience.
Step 2: A Dazzling Dance of Design and Delivery ๐๐
Whenever you open Netflix, you're actually viewing their website built using the magical React.js
๐ช๐ฅ๏ธ. React.js is a JavaScript
library and is what gives you a dazzling experience. When you halt on a movie, a video snippet plays which captivates ๐๐จ your attention. And who ties it all together? The CDN (Open Connect
), acting as the bridge ๐, ensuring that every video and frame is delivered in perfect harmony ๐ถ๐ฌ.
Step 3: Searching for a show ๐๐
Looking for your next show? Go to the search page of Netflix and type away! ๐นโจ As you search, the website communicates with the CDN ๐, which connects with Netflix's backstage โ AWS API Gateway
and microservices ๐ฉโ๏ธ. This triggers a Lambda
function (a magic spell) if you will ๐ชโก, which will go and search / query the database, using the metadata you provided.
Your personal concierge for your binge-watching journey. ๐ฟ๐
Step 4: Using CDN for Video Delivery๐โจ
Once the search is complete, the CDN (Open Connect)
, like a cinematic librarian ๐ค๐, will quickly grab the video's metadata from the digital archives -> Database
and, at the same time, connects to the S3 bucket
where the shows๐ฌ๐ชฃ are kept. Both the movie's metadata (details) and the movie itself will be cached / stashed within the CDN ๐๐ฅ, prepping for future movie nights.
Step 5: Seamless Playback ๐ฟ๐
Thanks to CDN's (Open Connect)
๐ smart caching / stashing skills ๐ง ๐, frequently accessed content are very smooth (minimal latency)! Regardless of a user's location ๐, this caching mechanism ensures a lag-free experience ๐ฅ๐จ. So sit back, relax, and enjoy a seamless cinema spree! ๐๏ธ๐
Conclusion ๐
I am still to study the backend of other streaming platforms. However from my research, Netflix's behind-the-scenes magic โจ is nothing short of tech wizardry ๐ฉ๐ฎ. First with AWS's unique tools and power trio - Elemental MediaConvert, Rekognition, and Step Functions, Netflix consistently concocts a potion of optimized content ๐ฐ. In addition to that, AWS' storage solutions ๐๏ธ, Open Connect CDN ๐โก, and ELK ๐ ensures that viewers like you and I get a cost-friendly, lightning-quick ๐, and always-on ๐ streaming experience.
As all our screens connect to Netflix ๐บ๐ฑ๐ป, one thing is very clear - their promise of delivering seamless content, remains unwavering ๐ค๐ฌ!
Top comments (2)
very informative post!
I am so glad you found it useful. I really enjoyed this journey to writing this.