Earlier Docker how to manage?

If you're not using Docker, there are alternative ways to manage your software applications and dependencies. Docker is a popular containerization platform, but it's not the only option. Here are some alternatives:

1. Virtual Machines (VMs):

   • Use virtualization tools like VMware, VirtualBox, or Hyper-V to create virtual machines. Each VM can host a separate environment with its own operating system and dependencies.

2. Package Managers:

   • Utilize package managers specific to your operating system to manage software dependencies. For example, apt for Debian-based systems, yum for Red Hat-based systems, brew for macOS, or chocolatey for Windows.

3. Environment Management:

   • Tools like pyenv (Python), rvm (Ruby), nvm (Node.js), and virtualenv (Python) can help manage different versions of programming languages and their dependencies.

4. Configuration Management Tools:

   • Use tools like Ansible, Chef, or Puppet to automate the configuration and management of software on servers.

5. Manual Management:

   • Manually install and configure software without containerization. This involves carefully managing dependencies and configurations on each server.

6. Application Isolation:

   • Instead of using containers, you can isolate applications using operating system-level features like chroot or jail.

7. Binary Distribution:

   • Distribute pre-compiled binaries of your application along with necessary libraries, eliminating the need for complex dependency management.

8. Version Control:

   • Leverage version control systems like Git to manage your codebase. Include detailed documentation for setting up and configuring the environment.

9. Serverless Architecture:

   • Consider serverless computing platforms where you upload your code, and the platform automatically manages the execution environment.

10. Vagrant:

    • Use Vagrant to create and configure reproducible development environments.

Keep in mind that the best approach depends on your specific use case, team expertise, and infrastructure requirements. While Docker has become very popular due to its ease of use and portability, other methods may be more suitable for certain situations.