Selection Statements
Selection statements are used to choose among alternative actions.
if
if( Condition )
{
Action;
}
if(grade >= 60)
{
puts("Passed");
}
if .. else
if(Condition)
{
Action_1;
}
else
{
Action_2;
}
if(grade >= 60)
{
puts("Passed");
}
else
{
puts("Failed");
}
if .. elseif
if(Condition_1)
{
Action_1;
}
else if(Condition_2)
{
Action_2;
}
else if(Condition_3)
{
Action_3;
}
else
{
Action_4;
}
if(grade >= 90)
{
puts("A");
}
else if(grade >= 80)
{
puts("B");
}
else if(grade >= 70)
{
puts("C");
}
else if(grade >= 60)
{
puts("D");
}
else
{
puts("F");
}
switch
switch(Condition)
{
case 1:
Action_1;
break;
case 2:
Action_2;
break;
case 3:
Action_3;
break;
default:
Action_4;
break;
}
switch(mark)
{
case 'A':
puts("Student got excellent grade");
break;
case 'B':
puts("Student got very good grade");
break;
case 'C':
puts("Student got good degree grade");
break;
case 'D':
puts("Student got fair grade");
break;
default:
puts("Student should retake the exam");
break;
}
Conditional Operator
This is the only C ternary operator. It is used in place where if .. else can't.
Condition ? True Action : False Action;
grade >= 60 ? puts("Pass") : puts("Fail");
//or
puts(grade >= 60 ? "Pass" : "Fail");
Iteration Statements
An iteration statement (repetition statement or loop) allows you to specify that an action is to be repeated while some condition remains true.
while
while(Continuation_Condition)
{
Action;
}
while(grade < 60)
{
puts("Retake the exam");
}
do .. while
do{
Action;
}while(Continuation_Condition);
do{
//do the action once at least before check the condition
puts("Start the Exam");
}while(grade < 60>);
for
for(Initialization; Continuation_Condition; Increment)
{
Action;
}
for(int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
{
printf("%d ", i);
}
Iteration Types
- Counter-Controlled
- Sentinel-Controlled
Counter-Controlled Iteration
We know in advance exactly how many times the loop will be executed.
Sentinel-Controlled Iteration
We don't know in advance how many times the loop will be executed. We use sentinel value (flag value) to indicated "End of Data" entry.
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