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Abhiraj Bhowmick
Abhiraj Bhowmick

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The Ultimate HTML & CSS Cheatsheet

#javascript #webdev #html #css

HTML Cheatsheet

Structure

This is the basic template or barebone structure of HTML.

Boilerplate

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>
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Headings

There are six headings available in HTML, H1 is the largest among all, and H6 is the smallest.

h1 Tag

<h1>Heading 1</h1>
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h2 Tag

<h2>Heading 2</h2>
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h3 Tag

<h3>Heading 3</h3>
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h4 Tag

<h4>Heading 4</h4>
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h5 Tag

<h5>Heading 5</h5>
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h6 Tag

<h6>Heading 6</h6>
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Container

Container tags are the tags that contain some data such as text, image, etc. There are several container tags in HTML.

div tag
div tag or division tag is used to make blocks or divisions in the document.

<div> This is div block </div>
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span tag
span is a container for inline content

<span> This is span block </span>
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p tag
Paragraph

<p> This is a paragraph </p>
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pre tag
pre tag represents pre-formatted text

<pre> Hello World </pre>
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code tag
code tag is used to represent source codes

<code>
import python
</code>
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Text Formatting

Text formatting tags are used to format text or data of HTML documents. You can do certain things like creating italic, bold, strong text to make your document look more attractive and understandable.

bold tag

<b>I'm bold text</b>
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strong tag

<strong>I'm important text</strong>
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italics tag

<i>I'm italic text</i>
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em tag

<em>Emphasized text</em>
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sub tag

<sub>Subscript</sub>
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sup tag

<sup>Superscript</sup>
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Lists

Lists can be either numerical, alphabetic, bullet, or other symbols. You can specify list type and list items in HTML for the clean document.

Ordered list tag

<ol>
<li>Data 1</li>
<li>Data 2</li>
<li>Data 3</li>
</ol>
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unordered list tag

<ul>
<li>Your Data</li>
<li>Your Data</li>
</ul>
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Media

Media is anything that is present in digital form such as image, video, audio, etc.

audio tag

It is used to embed sound content in the document.

<audio controls>
<source src="demo.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>
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img tag

It is used to embed or import image in a webpage.

<img src="Source_of_image" alt="Alternate text">
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video tag

It is used to embed video in the webpage.

<video width="480" height="320" controls>
<source src="demo_move.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>
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Table

A table is a collection of rows and columns. It is used to represent data in tabular form.

Table Structure

<table>
<caption>Demo Table</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Column1</th>
<th colspan="2">Column2</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Data1</td>
<td>Data2</td>
<td>Data2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Data1</td>
<td>Data2</td>
<td>Data2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Data</td>
<td>Data</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
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Links
Links are clickable text that can redirect you to some other page.

a tag
a or anchor tag defines a hyperlink.

<a href="https://www.abhiraj.glitch.me/">Visit My Portfolio</a>
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Form

Sample Form

Form is used to collect user's input, generally user's data is sent to server for further processing.

<form action="/action.php" method="post">
Name: <input name="name" type="text" /> <br />
Age: <input max="90" min="1" name="age" step="1" type="number" value="18" /> <br />
<select name="gender">
<option selected="selected" value="male">Male</option>
<option value="female">Female</option>
</select><br />
<input checked="checked" name="newsletter" type="radio" value="daily" /> Daily <input name="newsletter"
type="radio" value="weekly" /> Weekly<br />
<textarea cols="20" name="comments" rows="5">Comment</textarea><br />
<label><input name="terms" type="checkbox" value="tandc" />Accept terms</label> <br />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>
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Characters & Symbols
Some symbols are not directly present on the keyboard, but there are some ways to use them in HTML documents. We can display them either by entity name, decimal, or hexadecimal value.

Copyright Symbol (©)

&copy;
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Less than (<)

&lt
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Greater than (>)

&gt;
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Ampersand (&)

&amp;
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Dollar ($)

&dollar;
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Random Text
Elon Musk

Elon Reeve Musk FRS is an entrepreneur and business magnate. He is the founder, CEO, and Chief Engineer at SpaceX; early stage investor, CEO, and Product Architect of Tesla, Inc.; founder of The Boring Company; and co-founder of Neuralink and OpenAI. A billionaire, Musk is one of the richest people in the world.
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Semantic Elements

Semantic elements are those elements that are self describable, i.e., from their name itself, you can understand their meaning.

section tag
It defines a section in the document

<section>This is a section</section>
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article tag
It represents self-contained content

<article> Enter your data here </article>
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aside tag
It is used to place content in the sidebar

<aside> Your data </aside>
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CSS Cheatsheet

Font

There are many properties related to the font, such as the face, weight, style, etc. These properties allow you to change the style or complete look of your text.

Font-Family

font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
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Font-Style

font-style: italic;
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Font-Variant

font-variant: small-caps;
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Font-Weight

font-weight: bold;
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Font-Size

font-size: larger;
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Font

font: style variant weight size family;
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Text

Text properties allow one to manipulate alignment, spacing, decoration, indentation, etc., in the document.

Text-Align

text-align: justify;
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Letter-Spacing

letter-spacing: .15em;
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Text-Decoration

text-decoration: underline;
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Word-Spacing

word-spacing: 0.25em;
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Text-Transform

text-transform: uppercase;
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Text-Indent

text-indent: 0.5cm;
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Line-Height

line-height: normal;
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Background

As the name suggests, these properties are related to background, i.e., you can change the color, image, position, size, etc., of the document.

Background-Image

background-image: url("Path");
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Background-Position

background-position: right top;
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Background-Size

background-size: cover;
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Background-Repeat

background-repeat: no-repeat;
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Background-Attachment

background-attachment: scroll;
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Background-Color

background-color: fuchsia;
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Background

background: color image repeat attachment position;
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Border

Border properties are used to change the style, radius, color, etc., of buttons or other items of the document.

Border-Width

border-width: 5px;
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Border-Style

border-style: solid;
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Border-Color

border-color: aqua;
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Border-Radius

border-radius: 15px;
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Border

border: width style color;
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Box Model

In laymen's terms, the CSS box model is a container that wraps around every HTML element. It consists of margins, borders, padding, and the actual content. It is used to create the design and layout of web pages.

Float

float: none;
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Clear

clear: both;
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Display

display: block;
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Height

height: fit-content;
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Width

width: auto;
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Margin

margin: top right bottom left;
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Padding

padding: top right bottom left;
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Overflow

overflow: hidden;
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Visibility

visibility: visible;
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Colors

With the help of the color property, one can give color to text, shape, or any other object.

Color

color: cornsilk;
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Opacity

opacity: 4;
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Template Layout

Specifies the visual look of the content inside a template

Box-Align

box-align : start;
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Box-Direction

box-direction : normal;
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Box-Flex

box-flex : normal;
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Box-Flex-Group

box-flex-group : 2;
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Box-Orient

box-orient : inline;
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Box-Pack

box-pack : justify;
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Box-Sizing

box-sizing : margin-box;
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max-width

max-width: 800px;
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min-width

min-width: 500px;
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max-height

max-height: 100px;
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min-height

min-height: 80px;
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Table

Table properties are used to give style to the tables in the document. You can change many things like border-spacing, table layout, caption, etc.

Border-Collapse

border-collapse: separate;
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Empty-Cells

empty-cells: show;
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Border-Spacing

border-spacing: 2px;
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Table-Layout

table-layout: auto;
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Caption-Side

caption-side: bottom;
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Columns

These properties are used explicitly with columns of the tables, and they are used to give the table an incredible look.

Column-Count

column-count : 10;
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Column-Gap

column-gap : 5px;
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Column-rule-width

column-rule-width : medium;
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Column-rule-style

column-rule-style : dotted ;
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Column-rule-color

column-rule-color : black;
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Column-width

column-width : 10px;
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Column-span

column-span : all;
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List & Markers

List and marker properties are used to customize lists in the document.

List-style-type

list-style-type: square;
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List-style-position

list-style-position : 20px;
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List-style-image

list-style-image : url(image.gif);
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Marker-offset

marker-offset : auto;
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Animations

CSS animations allow one to animate transitions or other media files on the web page.

Animation-name

animation-name : myanimation;
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Animation-duration

animation-duration : 10s;
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Animation-timing-function

animation-timing-function : ease;
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Animation-delay

animation-delay : 5ms;
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Animation-iteration-count

animation-iteration-count : 3;
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Animation-direction

animation-direction : normal;
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Animation-play-state

animation-play-state : running;
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Animation-fill-mode

animation-fill-mode : both;
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Transitions

Transitions let you define the transition between two states of an element.

Transition-property

transition-property: none;
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Transition-duration

transition-duration : 2s;
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Transition-timing-function

transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;
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Trancsssition-delay

transition-delay : 20ms;
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CSS Flexbox

Flexbox is a layout of CSS that lets you format HTML easily. Flexbox makes it simple to align items vertically and horizontally using rows and columns. Items will "flex" to different sizes to fill the space. And overall, it makes the responsive design more manageable.

Parent Properties (flex container)
display

display: flex;
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flex-direction

flex-direction: row | row-reverse | column | column-reverse;
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flex-wrap

flex-wrap: nowrap | wrap | wrap-reverse;
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flex-flow

flex-flow: column wrap;
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justify-content

justify-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around | space-evenly |
start | end | left | right ... + safe | unsafe;
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align-items

align-items: stretch | flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | first baseline | last baseline | start | end | self-start | self-end + ... safe | unsafe;
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align-content

align-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around | space-evenly | stretch | start | end | baseline | first baseline | last baseline + ... safe | unsafe;
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Child Properties (flex items)
order

order: 5; /* default is 0 */
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flex-grow

flex-grow: 4; /* default 0 */
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flex-shrink

flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
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flex-basis

flex-basis: | auto; /* default auto */
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flex shorthand

flex: none | [ <'flex-grow'> <'flex-shrink'>? || <'flex-basis'> ]
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align-self

align-self: auto | flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch;
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CSS Grid

Grid layout is a 2-Dimensional grid system to CSS that creates complex responsive web design layouts more easily and consistently across browsers.

Parent Properties (Grid container)

display

display: grid | inline-grid;
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grid-template-columns

grid-template-columns: 12px 12px 12px;
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grid-template-rows

grid-template-rows: 8px auto 12px;
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grid-template

grid-template: none | <grid-template-rows> / <grid-template-columns>;
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column-gap

column-gap: <line-size>;
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row-gap

row-gap: <line-size>;
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grid-column-gap

grid-column-gap: <line-size>;
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grid-row-gap

grid-row-gap: <line-size>;
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gap shorthand

gap: <grid-row-gap> <grid-column-gap>;
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grid-gap shorthand

grid-gap: <grid-row-gap> <grid-column-gap>;
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justify-items

justify-items: start | end | center | stretch;
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align-items

align-items: start | end | center | stretch;
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place-items

place-items: center;
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justify-content

justify-content: start | end | center | stretch | space-around | space-between | space-evenly;
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align-content

align-content: start | end | center | stretch | space-around | space-between | space-evenly;
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place-content

place-content: <align-content> / <justify-content> ;
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grid-auto-columns

grid-auto-columns: <track-size> ...;
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grid-auto-rows

grid-auto-rows: <track-size> ...;
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grid-auto-flow

grid-auto-flow: row | column | row dense | column dense;
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Child Properties (Grid items)

grid-column-start

grid-column-start: <number> | <name> | span <number> | span <name> | auto;
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grid-column-end

grid-column-end: <number> | <name> | span <number> | span <name> | auto;
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grid-row-start

grid-row-start: <number> | <name> | span <number> | span <name> | auto;
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grid-row-end

grid-row-end: <number> | <name> | span <number> | span <name> | auto;
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grid-column shorthand

grid-column: <start-line> / <end-line> | <start-line> / span <value>;
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grid-row shorthand

grid-row: <start-line> / <end-line> | <start-line> / span <value>;
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grid-area

grid-area: <name> | <row-start> / <column-start> / <row-end> / <column-end>;
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justify-self

justify-self: start | end | center | stretch;
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align-self

align-self: start | end | center | stretch;
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place-self

place-self: center;
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