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What is the simplest code to explain a loop?

Yaser Al-Najjar on August 18, 2018

Here is my question for the discussion:

How would you write a code to explain a loop in the simplest possible way? Given that your audience is absolute beginners.

PS: use any programming language!

John Alcher • Aug 19 '18

for page in book:
    print(page)

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 19 '18

Wow... looks really simple, printing all the pages in a book !

John Alcher • Aug 19 '18 • Edited

Most of the time, you use a for loop when you need to access items (pages) from a collection/array (book). Some languages do this by using indices

// Most C-Style languages
for (int i = 0; i < book.length; i++) {
    print(book[i]);
}

... while some languages hide this behind a simpler syntax (like the example that I give which is Python). Though for loops are also used to generate a set of numbers (i.e 1-10), it's not really an interesting example and is harder to visualize for beginners.

Hopefully that helps!

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 19 '18 • Edited

Yep we love teaching Python cuz it's the best language IMHO to teach... simple expressive syntax.

Javascript is also good to start with, but there are tons of crap from the old standard like var and for in, just to "not break old programs" :|

John Alcher • Aug 19 '18

Yep we love teaching Python cuz it's the best language IMHO to teach... simple expressive syntax.

I share the same sentiments! I offer tutorials to my fellow CS students and Python is my go-to language for explaining basic programming constructs.

Ideally though, a student should be well-versed on at least one scripting language (Python, PHP, JS, etc.) and a compiled one (Java, C++, C#, etc.) since some concepts are harder to visualize on certain languages. Like, functional programming is better taught in JS than C++ and pointers are better taught in C than PHP.

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 19 '18

Totally agree with you, each lang serves better in explaining some concepts.

A bit regretting that my first lang was C cuz I spent lots of time understanding pointers and arrays instead of going into actual domains problems :D

Same goes to Python, I see many people explaining data structures in Python while in the very beginning they don't solve an actual problem cuz Python has lists already! That's why C is the way to go IMO for data structures.

Slavius • Aug 20 '18 • Edited

In for loops you can empoy this little trick to emphasize decrementing from max to 0:

int max = 10;
for (i = max; i --> 0;) {
  printf(".");
}

It is just pretty-formatted i-- > 0
What it does it decrements i and makes sure it's > 0 in the comparison part of the for leaving out the increment/decrement part.
Works the opposite way (end to start) so it's not suitable for processing lists where ascending order matters.

John Alcher • Aug 20 '18

That's a neat trick! But it looks something more of a trick to get the shortest solution to a programming quiz rather than a practical solution, IMO.

Slavius • Aug 20 '18

Let's call it a syntactic sugar. It makes the code shorter, more visual while still keeping the same functionality; but may make someone puzzled about what it does on first sight as it's not common.

Josh Cheek • Aug 19 '18

I was once struggling to teach this to a student, tried several different ideas and the one that finally clicked for him was something like this (Ruby):

puts "hello"
puts "hello"
puts "hello"
puts "hello"
puts "hello"
Is the same as:
5.times do
 puts "hello"
end
Here, I've printed "hello" 5 times. But what if I wanted to print it 100 times? In the top example, I have to copy and paste that line 95 more times, pretty painful. In the bottom example, I just change 5 to 100, much easier.

I think specifically the language 5.times do made sense to him and allowed him to understand that the line of code could be executed more than once. Probably connected a missing idea in his mental model. I suppose, you could also give a model for how computers work, then it would emerge from the model. Eg explain that code is stored as data in memory and there is an instruction pointer keeping track of which one we're on, and then basically break the instructions down to some made up assembly language. I feel like that would work really well for a subset of students but really poorly for most of them 😝

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 19 '18

Hehe... skip about the pointer cuz that won't work for sure :D

Loved the idea of avoid redundant boring code with a loop -high five- !

andrew • Aug 19 '18

If I would a teacher, I would forbid mentioning “for” and “collection” in one sentence - processing collections should be done with map, foreach, etc(I guess they are called a higher order functions?) and never with loops, where scope is unclear and intention is unclear. Loop can do map, reduce, filter, or all of them at the same time. “for” or “foreach” constructs that accept a code block with the scope of a calling code are just loops in disguise.

just my two opinionated cents on this matter ))

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 19 '18

I'm actually planning to explain while-loop at first... then going into lists (no other collections), then mention how to iterate through that list using for, I guess it's very intuitive this way IMHO... what do you think?

The way map & foreach works in the functional manner is just JavaScript specific, creates more ambiguity, and actually the new way (ES6) got to be for of which is poorly intuitive :(

andrew • Aug 19 '18

as many other things in CS loops for processing lists are intuitive and not the best choice in the end )

what I wanted to outline is that during education its very important to communicate that “this is not the solution”, but rather an introduction.

PS would be nice to come up with examples for all basic concepts without bringing other basic concepts - like loops without lists, recursion without tree data structure etc )))

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 19 '18

"this is not the solution"

I really hate when I watch a "this is a demo" course, cuz most of them are like that, and I'm like: "So where the is the actual solution?". Ends with me inspecting github repos to see how it's actually implemented :D

Ah yeah... I totally agree about mentioning one concept totally alone.

We try to follow a strict manner in showing one thing at a time, while trying to mix things after the user gets the knack of that one principle alone.

andrew • Aug 19 '18

what I ment is that you should outline that even with simplest building blocks like loops, beginner developer should question if its a good fit for their problem and seek for better )
I agree, with entry-level courses it might be tough to combine with keeping interest for the subject, so good luck!)

Yasser A • Aug 18 '18

time = 00:00:00
SunIsSet = true
while (sunIsSet):
    print("it's night time!")
    time += 1
    if(time > 05:00:00 < 18:30:00):
       SunIsSet =false
       print("it's day time!")

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 19 '18

love the idea, but it doesn't run actually

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "python", line 1
    time = 00:00:00
             ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

Yasser A • Aug 19 '18

Oh I was't expecting it to run, it meant to explain the idea of loops but here is one that works.

import datetime
time =datetime.datetime(100,1,1,0,0,0) # arbitrary day
sunIsSet = True
while (sunIsSet):
    if(time.hour > 5 and time.hour < 18):
       sunIsSet = False
       print("time is:",time.time().isoformat(), " it's day time!")
    else:
       print("time is:",time.time().isoformat()," it's night time!")
    time = time + datetime.timedelta(0,1)

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 19 '18

oops... the imports killed the simplicity :(

Alex Macniven • Aug 20 '18

At absolute beginner level, I wish I knew about enumeration (Python)

# in
my_list = ['apple', 'orange']
for index, item in enumerate(my_list):
    print(index, item)

# out
0 apple
1 orange

Karlo Abapo • Aug 21 '18

enumerate and list comprehensions are the stuff after you get past the basic looping and collections. :)

Kushan Joshi • Aug 19 '18 • Edited

Counting is the most fundamental thing most humans understand.

counter = 0
while (counter < 10) {
   counter = counter + 1
   print('count', counter)
}

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 19 '18

Yep, I realized all programming tutorials use this way to explain a loop.

But simple people would say, hmm what's the point of showing 1 to 10 in the screen :D

Kushan Joshi • Aug 19 '18 • Edited

Well, when they ask, tell them it is similar to a kid is learning to count till 10.

My point is — these weird real world examples donot translate well to computers. Sure it sounds fancy to talk about Gas or book pages, but it doesn’t really communicate that computers are dry, dumb and boring.

In my humble opinion certain aspects of computers are best learnt without real life examples and thinking in terms of just computer-y stuff.

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 19 '18

You've got a point

But after I watched courses on both Treehouse and Pluralsight, oh man Treehouse makes the points drill into your brain cuz they illustrate first with real examples with animations / motion graphic, and then they go in the tech nerdy way.

For example, they explain containers in a very interesting way: teamtreehouse.com/library/what-is-...

Ala Douagi • Aug 19 '18

for (const page of book) {
  console.log(page);
}

dewbiez • Aug 21 '18 • Edited

foreach ($person as $individual) {
    print $individual;
}

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 18 '18

Another guy came up with this:

speedometer = 0
while (speedometer <= 220):
    print("car speed is", speedometer)
    speedometer += 1

And then we can go into and operator with:

speedometer = 0
hold_in_gas = True
while (speedometer <= 220 and hold_in_gas):
    print("car speed is", speedometer)
    speedometer += 1

Meghan (she/her) • Aug 21 '18 • Edited

Do go off the book example:

class Book
  read() {
    for (const p of this.pages) {
      p.read();
    }
  }
}

Anton Frattaroli • Aug 19 '18

SQL can be very intuitive.

WHILE 1 + 1 = 2
PRINT 'Math never changes'

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 19 '18

Woohoo... there you go !

Rich Goldman • Aug 22 '18

10 print "X"
20 goto 10

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 18 '18

Naaah !
Please no Lisp-like sh** :D

When I said that, I meant to see how the other programming communities than python would think (like JS and Ruby).

Ankit Kumar • Aug 21 '18 • Edited

fun main(args: Array)
{
for (i in 1..4) print(i)
}

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 18 '18 • Edited

Someone in our team brought this:

times_eaten = 0
while(times_eaten < 3):
    print('I am eating')
    times_eaten += 1

As he would eat three times till he feels not hungry.

Yaser Al-Najjar • Aug 18 '18

Then use any "other"... and let's see how this would go 😂