Introduction
In the past two weeks, I embarked on a focused learning journey into Python and Django, delving into the essential components of web development with this powerful framework. This experience included installing Python and Django, creating and configuring a Django project and application, and exploring various backend components. This article offers a detailed technical overview of my tasks, highlighting interactions with Django’s core elements, including views, forms, URLs, settings, models, and the database.

Environment Setup
The first step was to set up the development environment by installing Python and Django. I installed Python as the foundational language, followed by Django using Python’s package manager, pip. This installation provided the necessary tools and libraries for developing a Django-based web application.

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Install Django

pip install django
Project Creation
After setting up the environment, I created a new Django project named mysite. This project serves as the main container for the application and includes essential configurations. Within the mysite project, I created a new app called pols.

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Create a new Django project

django-admin startproject mysite

Navigate into the project directory

cd mysite

Create a new app called 'pols'

python manage.py startapp pols
Backend Components Interaction
Views
Views are fundamental in Django for handling HTTP requests and generating responses. Within the pols app, I defined views to process various user interactions and business logic.

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pols/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render

def home(request):
return render(request, 'pols/home.html')
Forms
Django’s forms facilitate the collection and validation of user input. In the pols app, I created forms to manage data submitted through the user interface.

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pols/forms.py

from django import forms

class ContactForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
email = forms.EmailField()
message = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)
URLs
The URL configuration in Django determines how different URLs map to views. For the pols app, I defined URL patterns to route incoming requests to the correct view functions.

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pols/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
path('', views.home, name='home'),
]
I also included the app URLs in the main project URL configuration.

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mysite/urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path

urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', include('pols.urls')),
]
Settings
The settings file contains key configurations such as database settings, middleware options, installed applications, and other project-specific parameters. I adjusted this file to meet the needs of the pols app.

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mysite/settings.py

Add the 'pols' app to INSTALLED_APPS

INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'pols',
]
Models
Models define the data structure and schema for the application. In the pols app, I defined models to represent data entities and their relationships.

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pols/models.py

from django.db import models

class Post(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
content = models.TextField()
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

def __str__(self):
    return self.title

Database
Django uses a database to store application data. For this project, I opted for SQLite as the database backend. The database schema was created and managed through Django’s migration system.

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Create migrations for the models

python manage.py makemigrations

Apply migrations to the database

python manage.py migrate
Conclusion
The past two weeks provided a comprehensive hands-on experience with Python and Django, covering vital aspects of web development. I engaged in tasks that included setting up the environment, creating and configuring a Django project and app, and working with various backend components such as views, forms, URLs, settings, models, and the database. This experience has significantly deepened my understanding of Django and its ecosystem, laying a strong foundation for future development projects.