Dart Tutorial: A Comprehensive Guide to Learn Dart Programming

Dart is a versatile and powerful programming language that has gained popularity for its use in building web and mobile applications. It is an open-source, object-oriented programming language developed by Google. It was introduced in 2011 and has since become a popular choice for building high-performance applications. Dart combines the best features of languages like Java, JavaScript, and C# to provide a seamless development experience.

Setting up the Dart Development Environment
Before we begin writing Dart code, we need to set up our development environment. Dart supports multiple editors and IDEs, such as Visual Studio Code, IntelliJ IDEA, and Android Studio. In this tutorial, we will use Visual Studio Code, which is a lightweight and feature-rich code editor.

To set up your Dart development environment, follow these steps:

Install Dart SDK
Install Visual Studio Code
Install Dart and Flutter extensions for Visual Studio Code
Configure the Dart SDK path

1. Variables and Data Types Variables are an essential part of any programming language. In Dart, you can declare variables using the var keyword, or you can explicitly specify the type using keywords like int, double, String, etc. Dart supports a wide range of data types, including numbers, strings, booleans, lists, maps, and more.

Declaring Variables
In Dart, you can declare variables as follows:

var name = 'John';
int age = 25;
double height = 1.75;
Data Types in Dart
Dart provides several built-in data types, including:

int for integer values
double for floating-point values
String for text
bool for boolean values
List for ordered collections
Set for unordered collections with unique elements
Map for key-value pairs

1. Control Flow and Loops Control flow statements allow you to control the execution flow of your Dart code based on certain conditions. Dart provides various control flow statements, including conditional statements and looping statements.

Conditional Statements
Conditional statements in Dart are used to perform different actions based on specific conditions. The most commonly used conditional statement is the if-else statement. Here’s an example:

`int num = 10;

if (num > 0) {
print("Number is positive");
} else if (num < 0) {
print("Number is negative");
} else {
print("Number is zero");
}`

Dart also supports the switch statement, which allows you to select one of many code blocks to be executed. Here’s an example:

`String fruit = 'apple';

switch (fruit) {
case 'apple':
print('Selected fruit is apple');
break;
case 'banana':
print('Selected fruit is banana');
break;
default:
print('Selected fruit is not recognized');
}`

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