TypeScript is a programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft. It is a superset of JavaScript, which means it extends the capabilities of JavaScript by adding features that are not available in the original language. In this article, we will introduce TypeScript to beginners by going through the key concepts and features of the language.
ypeScript: Installation and Setup
Before you can start using TypeScript, you need to install it on your computer. The easiest way to do this is to use Node.js, a JavaScript runtime that can be used to execute TypeScript code. To install Node.js, go to the official Node.js website and download the appropriate version for your operating system. Once you have installed Node.js, you can use the Node Package Manager (npm) to install TypeScript by running the following command in your terminal:
npm install -g typescript
TypeScript Syntax
TypeScript has its own syntax that is similar to JavaScript, but with some additional features. One of the most significant features of TypeScript is its support for static typing. This means that you can specify the type of a variable or function parameter when you declare it. For example, you can declare a variable of type string like this:
let myName: string = "Tilak";
In this example, the variable myName is of type string, which means it can only contain strings of characters. If you try to assign a value of a different type to this variable, TypeScript will give you an error.
TypeScript also supports classes and interfaces, which are used to define object-oriented structures. Classes allow you to define a blueprint for an object, while interfaces define a set of properties and methods that an object must have.
interface Person {
name: string;
age: number;
}
class Student implements Person {
name: string;
age: number;
grade: number;
constructor(name: string, age: number, grade: number) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.grade = grade;
}
}
In this example, we define an interface Person with two properties: name and age. We then define a class Student that implements the Person interface. The Student class has three properties: name, age, and grade, and a constructor that initializes these properties.
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