Introduction
Web Scraping, also known as data extraction or data scraping, is the process of extracting or collecting data from websites or other sources in the form of text, images, videos, links, etc.
Web Scraping is helpful when a particular website does not have an official API or has a limit on the access of data. It has various uses like price monitoring, media monitoring, sentimental analysis, etc.
It is helpful for businesses that make decisions based on large amounts of public data available on the internet, which can be extracted easily with the help of data scraping.
Data has now become the new Oil in the market right now. If used correctly, businesses can achieve their targets by getting ahead of their competitors. This way, they can leverage this advantage over their competitors. "The more relevant data you have, the better-informed decisions you make."
In this blog, we will learn everything about web scraping, its methods and uses, the correct way of doing it, and various other information related to it.
What is Web Scraping?
Web Scraping is the process of extracting data from a single or bunch of websites with the help of HTTP requests on the website's server to get access to the raw HTML of a particular webpage and then converting it into a format you want.
We sometimes copy content from a web page and embed it into an excel file or some other file. It is none other than web scraping but at a tiny scale. For large-scale scraping, developers use web scraping API, which can gather a vast amount of data rapidly.
The benefit of using a web scraping API is that you don't have to copy data from the websites regularly, but you can use an API that will automate the process and will save your valuable time and effort.
Uses of Web Scraping
Web scraping is a powerful and useful tool that can be used for a variety of purposes:
SEO
Web scraping can be used to extract a large amount of data from search engines like Google, and then this scraped information can be used, to track keywords, website rankings, and much more. This can be useful for your business, as with the help of data-driven research, you can increase your product visibility in the market.
You can use various dedicated Google Search APIs available in the market for scraping Google search results. They scrape every inch of information from Google webpage and also convert the raw HTML code into JSON format, giving you the results in the structured format.
Read More: How to scrape Google Search Results
Data Mining
With the help of web scraping, one can gather a vast amount of data about their competitors, and products, uncover their strategy, and can make informed decisions with insights based on the data available in the market.
Price Monitoring
It is one of the most popular uses of web scraping. Price monitoring can be used to gather pricing data from competitors or multiple online retailers present in the market and can help consumers with saving money by finding the best deal in the market.
News and Media Monitoring
Web scraping can be used to track current news and events taking place in the world. You can access a large number of articles from big news agencies like the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Economic Times, etc with the help of web scraping.
If you run a company, that time to time appears in the news and you want to know who is saying what about your company or brand then scraping news data can be a beneficial thing for you.
Lead Generation
Web scraping can help your company to generate leads for your company's potential customers from various online sources. You can target a specific set of people instead of making mass emails which can be beneficial for your product sales.
So, web scraping has various uses depending on the user's specifications and requirements. From SEO to Lead Generation, web scraping can help businesses make data-driven decisions.
Web Scraping can help you to extract a large amount of data without any time and effort. It is much more efficient to use a web scraper instead of manually copying a piece of data for every website.
Methods Of Web Scraping
There are several web scraping methods you can use to scrape a website. Here are some of these methods which help in scraping a website efficiently:
Designing Your Scraper:
Designing your scraper involves writing your code in a certain programming language, which will automate the process of navigating to a website and extracting the required data. You can write your script in various programming languages like Python, Javascript, C++, etc. Python is the most popular language for web scraping right now, but there are some powerful libraries in Javascript also like Unirest, Cheerio, and Puppeteer which have very high-performance capabilities.
While designing your scraper, you have to first search for certain element tags you want to scrape by inspecting the HTML code and then embedding them into your code when you start with the parsing of HTML.
Parsing is the process of extracting structured data from an HTML document. Beautiful Soup (Python), Cheerio (JavaScript), and group (Java) are some of the preferred libraries for web parsing.
After identifying the required tags, you can send an HTTP request to a particular website with the help of a web scraping library in your chosen programming language and then parse the extracted data by using a web parsing library.
It is also important to note that while designing your scraper, you have to keep in mind that your scraping bot doesn't violate the website's terms of conditions. It is also advisable not to make a large number of requests on a smaller website, everybody doesn't have a high budget like big enterprises used to have.
Advantages: Full control over your scraper allows you to customize the scraper according to your scraping needs.
Disadvantages: Making your scraper can sometimes become a time-consuming process if you don't properly do the scraping.
Read More: How to select HTML Elements using CSS Selector Gadget
Manual Web Scraping:
Manual Web Scraping is the process of navigating to a particular website in your web browser and copying the required data from the website into an excel or any other file. This process is done manually and no script or data extraction service is used in this type of web scraping.
There are quite different ways you can do manual web scraping. You can download a whole web page as an HTML file and then filter out the required data from the HTML file with the help of any text editor you use into the spreadsheet or any other file.
Another way you can manually scrape a website is by using a browser inspection tool, where you can identify and select the element that consists of the data that you want to extract.
This method is good for small-scale web data extraction but can produce errors when done on a large scale, also it takes more time and effort than automated web scraping.
Advantages: Copy and pasting is a basic skill. You don't have to require any type of technical skills here.
Disadvantages: This method requires heavy effort and is very time-consuming if you are scraping a large number of websites.
Web Scraping Services:
Many companies and freelancers offer web scraping services to their clients, where you can just provide them with URLs and they will send you the data in the required format.
It is one of the best methods if you want to scrape large amounts of data and don't want to mess with the complex scraping process.
Generally, the companies which offer web scraping services to their clients have a ready-made script with them already, and they also have a team who are experts in handling any errors that can come while scraping the URLs like IP bans, CAPTCHAs, timeout errors, etc. They can handle a large amount of data more efficiently and can complete the task much faster than you can do your own.
Advantages: Web Scraping Services can be cost-effective in the long run, as they can scrape the data with their ready-made infrastructure much faster than you can do your own.
Disadvantages: No control over the scraping process.
Another important thing is that one should trust only reputable services for these big tasks that can deliver the high-quality data you want.
Web Scraping API:
Web Scraping API is an API that can scrape the data from a website using an API call. You don't have to directly access the HTML code of the web page but the API will handle the whole scraping process.
API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of definitions and protocols that allows one software system to communicate with another software system.
Web Scraping API is easy to use and requires no such technical knowledge, one just has to pass the URL at their endpoint and it will return the result in a well-structured format. They are highly scalable means you can scrape a large amount of data without fearing any IP ban or CAPTCHAs.
Advantages: They are highly scalable and the data you receive is accurate, complete, and of high quality.
Disadvantages: Some Web Scraping APIs can limit the number of requests you can send per unit of time, thus limiting the amount of data you can collect.
So, there are a wide variety of web scraping methods you can apply according to your scraping needs. If you want to save money then method one and method two are best for you. These two methods also give you complete control over the scraping process. While if you don't want to mess with the IP bans, CAPTCHAs, and handling large amounts of data then the last two methods are the best choice for you.
Is web scraping legal?
Web Scraping legality is still an evolving process, but the judgment depends on various factors like how you scrape any specific data and how you use it.
In general, web scraping can be considered legal if you want to use the data for research purposes, educational projects, price comparisons, etc. But the legality can be affected if the website in its terms of conditions, strictly prohibits any kind of web scraping without its permission.
Web scraping can also be considered illegal if it is used to gain any unfair advantage over competitors, or for unauthorized purposes like stealing sensitive data from the website. You can also get blocked in the process of extracting the data from the website, and get sued for violating any copyright laws.
Overall, web scraping is a valuable tool if used correctly, but one has to keep in mind the legal consequences if it is carried out maliciously. It is also important to respect the website's terms of service and not to harm its services or functionality in any way.
Best Languages for Web Scraping
There are various programming languages that you can use for web scraping, depending on your needs. Let us discuss these:
Python: Python is the most popular language among developers for web scraping, thanks to its simplicity and a large number of libraries and frameworks including Scrapy and Beautiful Soup. Also, the community support is quite good in terms of web scraping when we talk about Python.
Javascript: Javascript is also becoming one of the preferable choices for web scraping, because of its capability to scrape data from websites that use JavaScript to dynamically load the web page. Libraries like Unirest, Puppeteer, and Cheerio are making data scraping in JavaScript easier.
Java: Java is another popular language widely used in large-scale projects. Libraries like Jsoup makes it easier to scrape data from websites.
Ruby: An high-level programming language with libraries like Nokogiri and Mechanize makes it easier to scrape data from websites.
There can be more such examples like C#, R, PHP, etc, which can be used for web scraping, but in the end, it depends on the requirements of the project.
How can I learn Web Scraping?
Web Scraping is nowadays becoming an important skill that can earn you money, almost every website requires leads to expand their business which is only possible because of web scraping, every active website wants to track its rankings on Google which is only possible because of Google Scraping. So, Web Scraping has become one of the main pillars in the growth of businesses.
In this section, we are going to discuss various ways to get started with web scraping:
Learn it by yourself: You can also learn web scraping by making small projects on your own. First, start with making research on smaller projects when you get comfortable with them, try to extract data from websites that are harder to scrape.
Online Tutorials: You can also take various online courses available on educational platforms like Udemy, Coursera, etc. The teachers are well experienced and will take you from beginner to advance level in a structured manner.
But it will also require you to learn the programming language you want to start with web scraping. Learn the language, from basic to intermediate level first, then when you can gain enough experience, join these courses to kickstart your web scraping journey.
Join online communities: It is advisable to join communities related to your programming language or web scraping, so you can ask any question if you are stuck on an error while making a scraper. You can join various communities on platforms like Reddit, Discord, etc. They have some very highly experienced guys on their server who can solve even a high-level problem easily.
Read Articles: There are tons of articles available on the internet on web scraping, which can take you from level zero to an expert in web scraping. You can learn to scrape advanced websites like Google, Amazon, and LinkedIn in these tutorials with a complete explanation.
Hence, there are many ways to start with learning web scraping, but the ultimate key is to be consistent and focused while learning new things. You can start by giving at least 1 hour per day and then increase it slowly to give your 100%. This will give you a good hand in scraping and will make you a proficient learner.
Conclusion
In this tutorial, we learned about web scraping, some methods to scrape websites, and at last how you can kickstart your web scraping journey.
We also learned web scraping is a valuable skill that allows you to scrape data from different websites, which can be used for research-based purposes like price monitoring, media monitoring, SEO, etc. We can also generate tons of leads for our business with the help of web scraping to stay ahead of the competition.
I hope this tutorial gave you a complete overview of web scraping. Please do not hesitate to message me if I missed something. If you think we can complete your custom scraping projects feel free to contact us. Follow me on Twitter. Thanks for reading!
Additional Resources
I have prepared a complete list of blogs on scraping Google, which can give you an idea about web scraping:
- Web Scraping Google News Results
- Web Scraping Google Scholar Results
- Web Scraping Google Maps Reviews
- Web Scraping Google Shopping Results
Author
My name is Darshan, and I am the founder of serpdog.io. I love to create scrapers. I am working currently for several MNCs to provide them Google Search Data through a seamless data pipeline.
Top comments (25)
Worth noting, that nearly every mainstream site has an API.
And fetching data from APIs is so much easier, faster, more reliable, more scalable and just plain safer.
Scraping has a lot of issues:
The simple solution to all those issues, is just to fetch data from an API instead.
People will start to use official API when it will be scalable, and available at cheap prices.
Also if you take example of Google official API, you can't use it for commercial purposes. We have an 80 billion dollar SEO industry --> how will this survive if there is no scraper available in the market.
Alicia - well said! Before you scrape, ask if the site provides alternative means to access the data. As a publisher of public information for local government and non-profits I'm coming from the other side of the scraper equation. Just because you can do it doesn't mean that it's the right thing to do or the right way to do it. Ask first.
It depends on the government entity, but many supply raw database dumps right on their website. Either full dumps performed regularly (e.g. nightly or weekly) or full dump + incrementals. When they exist, you can retrieve those raw dumps (with a scraper) and reconstruct your own database from them. Scraping the content from individual pages is unnecessary and wasteful in those instances. Before asking, poke around a bit on the website to see if you can find a data dump that is updated regularly. Saves a little bit of back-and-forth.
Most government entities in the U.S. are obligated and required by public records laws to publish their information. Doing a nightly data dump and shoving it onto a webpage is the easiest way to comply with those laws. If they don't publish a raw dump online, you can ask, but some entities, especially police/sheriff departments, U.S. Border Patrol, and the courts, are extremely obnoxious and will only respond begrudgingly under a court order. This is not how any government employee or entity should ever behave. Some entities respond to FOIA requests for data with PDFs (basically a digital middle finger to the requestor) instead of the requested format (e.g. CSV). In general, you can't get in legal trouble for scraping publicly available content on government websites as the law itself generally protects you from that. However, there might be some politician with a chip on their shoulder who might make it their mission in life to make your life miserable because they think they can, but that's a separate issue.
You can't get in legal trouble for scraping public websites where you don't have a clickwrap agreement for the Terms of Service. (Your IP might get banned by an admin or automated system for abusing web server resources, but that's a completely different issue.) Terms of Service documents are not legally binding if the data being scraped is publicly available. That is, an account or clickwrap approval was not required to obtain the data. Data is generally more like a recipe. Recipes are not protected by copyright law. Most website operators allow googlebot to scrape their content so that the website can be indexed in search results, but googlebot, in this case, violates any Terms of Service document that claims to disallow web scraping. It's a good thing then that googlebot ignores ToS documents.
As an example, imagine if I were allowed to say, "You now owe me $1,000 for the privilege of reading this message on dev.to. Go to any CubicleSoft repo on GitHub and use the Donate link to pay up." Not only is that ridiculous, but you didn't agree to it and the allowance of such would result in the collapse of society. No sane court of law would entertain such an argument.
Similarly, a Terms of Service document on a website is legally non-enforceable unless the user actually agrees to it either by creating an account where doing so has language as such or every entry point to valuable data requires agreement prior to accessing the data, thereby forming a contract between the user and the data provider. Contract law then takes effect. It's a subtle but important distinction. Everyone who has gotten in trouble legally to date for scraping content has formally agreed to the provider's ToS.
Whether or not digital clickwrap agreements like ToS' and software EULAs should actually have force of law under contract law is still a matter of ample debate and very little case law.
Note that I'm not a lawyer and this isn't legal advice but any assumption that simply accessing a website results in automatically agreeing to that website's ToS is an obviously invalid argument. Like a contract, unless you sign the agreement, it has no effect.
I agree that using APIs instead of a scraper is better.
I've made like 10 spiders...
To take photos, news, ebay articles, etc...
But I use grandpa, old man Visual Basic 6 :(
Ohh no brother, why are you using these outdated languages??
Application stability over time is a perfectly valid reason to use an "outdated language."
Applications written in Python, Javascript, PHP, or other "modern" languages that are constantly evolving and getting more and more bloated in the process are more likely to break when upgrading the language itself.
On the other hand, VB6 is unlikely to ever change the language specification. As long as the runtimes continue to function, code written in VB6 is unlikely to ever break. Windows also ships with the VB6 runtimes (I think for vbscript support), which means there's nothing special to install binary-wise.
Should everyone run out and start writing VB6 code? Probably not. However, we shouldn't judge those who choose one programming/scripting language over another. They obviously have their reasons for their language of choice.
The problem with using VB6 for scrapping is: The torture of having to use the Internet Control OCX, something like Internet Explorer 5.
But with patience and tricks it can work.
The finished program runs like a charm... First it scans for valid hyperlinks, then it puts them into a database (Obviously Access Model 97).. And it downloads photos, contents, in an acceptable way..
Believe me when I tell you that I have reviewed more than 1,000,000 pages.
Hi, can you help me in making a scraper? I am facing few problems.
Tell me the problem.
Scrapper in VB6 ?? Of course
Obtaining data from websites is very important and can lead to many promising conclusions.
Great post! You may also find it useful to check out my post on the differences between Web Crawling and Web Scraping for a more in-depth understanding of the topic.
Thanks for reading the article!!! Will surely check your post.
Thanks for reading the post Abhay!!
PHP does just fine for nearly all web scraping tasks. Shameless self-promotion:
github.com/cubiclesoft/ultimate-we...
Thanks for reading the article!
Some time ago I tried to google a spider, looking for images... Bad idea.
It works fine with the first (say 100) searches, and after that, google catches a lot of queries and shuts off the tap.
Google is the smartest in catching bots. That is why you need a large pool of residential IPs to scrape it.
Great article, i learn a lot. Thx to the author :)
Thanks for reading the article!!