This is going to be a basic bare bones development environment you will need to add other software according to what your needs are and what you are going to develop. I will be writing other articles for specific types of development like android. This is in no particular order I just wrote it as it came to my mind.

Xcode

If you develop for apple or not having Xcode will install other software like git. Now you can install the software as you go for some software mac os will give you a promote to install it for example if you don’t have git and you type git in the terminal mac os will give you a promote to install it. If you don’t wan’t to install Xcode as it can be a very big you can just use the command xcode-select — version

HomeBrew

Having Homebrew is an essential part of and development environment as it allows you to install software easily. Not just software but also frameworks.

Python

Having python is very important as many scripts that you will use will be written in python. Mac os does come with python but it uses python2 and not the latest version of python.

Javascirpt and node js

Just like python you need to have javascript and node js as javascript is a very popular programming language and many scripts will be written in javascript as well.
Sublime text or/and Visual studio code
I use both sublime text and visual studio code for my coding you can try out what you like and use it I usually use VSCode for for web development and sublime text for other types of programming.

Iterm or other types of terminal

Using other types of terminals can be very use as you can customise and as it’s open source you can add to it, I use iterm but you can use the default terminal another terminal that you might like is hyper.

Another web browser

I would say dedicate one whole browser to development I use Firefox developer edition.
I will be writing a part two to this article and I will also be writing articles for specific types of development like android development.