Delivering projects on time has always been stressful in the software industry. Often, the software doesn’t work due to bugs, the problem in code quality, or other vulnerabilities causing delays continuously. Why do such problems occur, you may ask. While consistently working on the project, developers majorly concentrate on logic and fundamentals to reach the final goals. However, while doing so, some of the bugs and errors remain hidden until the deployment of the code. At the time of code execution, these issues suddenly come into view and lead to a long process of debugging and fixing the code.

To deliver the product on time to the clients, developers use some tools to monitor and analyze the source code. Code analysis can be performed in one of the two ways, i.e. static analysis and dynamic analysis. Today, we will understand the code analysis tools for Java.

So, what is code analysis, why it is important to monitor code, and which tools does the developer use? Let’s get into it.

What is Code Analysis For Java & Why is it Important?

Code analysis is a method of analyzing and debugging the source code of the program before actually executing it. However, code analysis is not only limited to static analysis, it goes far beyond that. So, in this article, we will discuss the entire journey of developers till the project reaches the quality analysts/tester for further testing and analysis of the code. Simply, you can think of code analysis as a process that guides developers in maintaining a healthy codebase with best practices by reducing manual effort and increasing the quality while developing the software for the clients.

But, what actually is the programmer’s journey to write quality code? Let’s check it out in detail here.

• Linting: Initially, a developer starts to test their code using linting tools. These tools help in analyzing source code syntactically and detecting potential bugs, stylistic errors, and invalid constructs.
• Unit Testing: In unit testing, developers test individual units or components of code. It is performed to check that each unit is working expectedly. Let’s say, you are a developer who needs to add new features to the project. To add this feature, you will have to change the old source code (where you have no idea how many other codes are dependent on). After successfully updating the code for the new feature, you see that this latest feature designed by you is working properly, but what you don’t know is the number of other dependent features of the project that has failed to work. However, with the help of unit testing, if you make any changes in the old code, it will instantly show you other lines of code that need fixing, such a practice will save your efforts, improve the development speed and reduce the chances of creating new bugs.
• Code Coverage: Code coverage is one of the white box testings that helps in finding the area of the program not covered by a set of test cases. It helps in measuring the efficiency of test implementation. It is impractical to use breakpoints or step through a program in the debugger to monitor which statements have been executed as you have so many statements in your program. Code coverage is a measure of the degree to which your program source code has been executed, and unless you can prove that your tests have been performed over all of the code in your program, those tests might be missing defects. Some of the common coverage reports that one can acquire using a code coverage tool include statement coverage, condition coverage, branch coverage, and function coverage.
• Continuous Inspection: Continuous inspection refers to the automated analysis of the source code for potential bugs, coding standard breaches, lack of unit testing, replication of code, a bad distribution of complexity, and highly complex design at the architectural level. While using tools for continuous inspection in IDE, you will get automated build scripts, that will break the build (the method of changing source code files into standalone software artefact that can be run on a server or computer) if the test coverage goes below 80% or there are some severe issues. In such cases where the build fails, as a stakeholder, you will get an instant notification to fix the build immediately.
• Vulnerability and Compliance Assessment: Vulnerability and compliance testing is a software testing technique that evaluates the number of risks involved in the system. These risks could be anything from injection flaws (enabling user to gain backend access) to broken authentication (allowing passwords, keys, or tokens access), from exposure of sensitive data to XML External Entities (providing access to internal data via external entities), and broken access control to security misconfiguration. Using tools for vulnerability and compliance assessment can help developers in gaining complete reports on such issues so that they can fix them.
• Continuous Integration & Continuous Deployment (CI/CD): While working on a project, developers continuously need to add new lines of code and features. CI/CD removes the gaps between deployment/operation activities and teams by offering automation in building, testing, and deployment of the code. Let’s assume, we have multiple developers who are working on the same project. Each of them has its feature or bug-fix to work upon while contributing to the project. As they complete the code it eventually gets pushed to the code repository that stores all the different versions of the codes for a feature. From here a build is created for testing the code and validating if it’s creating a bug or not. Once the tests are completed and the build turns out to be successful, the new version of the code is deployed making it available for the users. This complete process of CI/CD can be performed using several different tools that we will discuss later.

Which Open Source Code Analysis Tools To Use?

With the variety of tools available out there for code analysis, it becomes difficult to opt for the one that suits your requirements. So, for each step that a developer takes for thorough code analysis, here is the list of open-source code analysis tools to use.

1. SonarLint

Linting is the first step in the static code analysis for every programming language. In Java, developers mostly use Sonarlint, an open-source IDE plugin that is available for IntelliJ and Eclipse. It helps in automating the analysis of source code for formatting or programmatic errors. With the help of Sonarlint, a programmer can easily reduce stylistic errors while enhancing the quality of the code. It enables developers to address potential vulnerabilities and bugs before their commitment to the codebase.

2. JUnit

JUnit is a unit testing framework for Java developers. It is essential for test unit development and is also considered an instance of X unit architecture. It is used for testing the small chunks of code or a unit by creating a path, function, or method. It promotes the idea of a test first and caught late. It is the most commonly used framework for developers’ IDEs. JUnitEE testing framework allows testing the code within the server’s container.

3. JaCoCo

JaCoCo or Java Code Coverage is being used by the developers to check the code coverage of the program. Code coverage is the percentage of code that is covered by automated testing. It is a form of white box testing that finds the areas of the program that does not have a set of test cases. It helps in analyzing the number of codes that we have already tested and what we haven’t covered. With the help of JaCoCo, developers can identify the efficiency of the test implementation, so that they can write additional test code and execute them. Apart from JaCoCo, we have other tools that can be used to check code coverage, like Cobertura and JTest.

4. PMD

PMD is an open-source static code analysis tool for Java that identifies the issues present in the application code. It contains an in-built set of rules and supports the capacity to write custom code. It helps in detecting common programming errors such as empty catch blocks, unused variables, unnecessary object creation, duplicate code, empty logical statements, possible bugs, and so on. It supports JDeveloper, jEdit, Intellij IDEA, Maven, Jenkins, Eclipse, JBuilder, and SonarQube.

5. SonarQube

SonarQube is an open-source code analysis tool developed by SonarSource. It guides developers in continuous analysis of code quality to provide automated reviews whenever it detects bugs, security vulnerabilities, and code smells. It is sort of a dashboard that offers reports on coding standards, unit tests, duplicated codes, code complexity, bugs, vulnerabilities, and comments. It can easily be integrated with MSBuild, Maven, Ant, Jenkins, Hudson, and other continuous integration tools.

6. Qualys

Qualys is the first company to offer cloud-based vulnerability and compliance management solutions. To continuously detect and protect software from attacks, it is the perfect solution to opt for. It allows you to scan the system from one console anytime as required. With the help of Qualys, one can do a thorough analysis and then create custom reports accordingly.

7. Jenkins

Jenkins is a free automation server that assists in automating some development parts including building, testing, and deploying. It facilitates continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment. With hundreds of plugins, Jenkins can practically integrate any tool in the CI/CD toolchain. Moreover, Jenkins easily distributes work across different machines to make the process of building, testing and deploying faster.

Conclusion

Every client and developer wants a high-quality Java code for the project that can be delivered in tight deadlines and short sprints. With the help of these code analysis tools for Java integrations, developers can be confident that inadvertent errors will not make their way into the release while disturbing the flow of the code, while clients can get what they need efficiently. So if you are a business owner who wants to develop a high-quality software or web app for your brand, then you can contact us for consultations or hire developers with extensive experience and knowledge in this field. On the other hand, if you are a programmer who gets stuck in the coding execution, try these tools and enhance your skills effectively.

Source: Decipher