Day 24: Unveiling the Magic of INTRODUCTION To Binary Search in Java, C++, Python 🚀

DAY - 24

Today’s Learning :-

Binary Search is a widely-used searching algorithm that efficiently locates a target value within a sorted array. It works by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half until the target value is found or the interval is empty. Here's how the Binary Search algorithm works:

Initialization: Begin with the entire sorted array as the search interval.

Midpoint Calculation: Calculate the midpoint of the search interval. This is typically done by taking the average of the low and high indices:
mid = (low + high) / 2

Comparison: Compare the target value with the element at the midpoint.

If the target value matches the midpoint element, the search is successful, and the index of the midpoint is returned.

If the target value is less than the midpoint element, update the high index to mid - 1, and repeat the process on the lower half of the search interval.

If the target value is greater than the midpoint element, update the low index to mid + 1, and repeat the process on the upper half of the search interval.

Repeat or Exit: Continue dividing the search interval in half and repeating the comparison step until the target value is found, or the search interval is empty (indicating that the target value is not present in the array).

Binary Search has a time complexity of O(log n), where n is the number of elements in the array. This makes it significantly more efficient than linear search algorithms, especially for large datasets.

However, Binary Search requires that the array be sorted beforehand. If the array is unsorted, Binary Search will not work correctly. Additionally, Binary Search is most suitable for static arrays or arrays with infrequent updates, as it does not handle dynamic changes to the array well.

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