Factory Method
The abstract class focuses on business logic, while its subclasses determine the implementation details.
Abstract Factory
2D factory method. Create different products of the same variant.
Builder
Create product part by part, usually in chain.
Prototype
Provide a method to clone itself.
Singleton
Always return the same instance.
Adapter
Encapsulate an instance of old class, and provide new interface to the outside.
Bridge
Different abstraction layer and different implementation layer can be mixed at will.
Composition
A tree where all nodes provide the same interface, the leaves do the job, and non-leaves aggregate the results of their own leaves.
Decorator
Encapsulate an instance of a class, and provide the same interface to the outside.
Facade
Encapsulate complicated logic, and provide simple interface to the outside.
Flyweight
Create a new class for those memory-consuming, shared attributes, for which a factory is created for caching.
Proxy
Encapsulate an instance of a class, provide the same interface to the outside, and manage the lifecycle of the internal instance.
Chain of Responsibility
Process an object through a chain, where each link can determine whether to continue or terminate processing.
Command
Abstract a callback function as a class, and makes it fetch arguments - explicitly on initialization or on its own - every time the command is executed.
Iterator
Encapsulate an instance of a class, and provide the iteration method of this instance.
Mediator
Elements in a system send their interaction information to the mediator, and listen to its schedule, rather than directly interacting with each other.
Memento
Create snapshots of another class.
Observer
The object notifies all of its observers of its latest update.
State
Divide a class with volatile states into state and context, where the state executes all state-related operations and can modify the state on its own.
Strategy
Abstract different strategies into classes, and let the business logic pick which one to use.
Template Method
The template parent class implements a set of standard methods, while its subclasses overload methods according to their needs.
Visitor
The visited class redirects request to the visitor, who extends the interface of the visited class.
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