Discussion on: AoC Day 1: Chronal Calibration

# https://adventofcode.com/2018/day/1
#
# To run each exercise, you can do the following:
#
# elixir -r exercise.exs -e "IO.inspect(Frequency.first_exercise())"
# elixir -r exercise.exs -e "IO.inspect(Frequency.second_exercise())"
#
defmodule Frequency do
  def first_exercise, do: frequency(process_file())

  def second_exercise, do: first_frequency_reached_twice(process_file())

  @spec frequency([integer]) :: integer
  def frequency(freq_changes), do: Enum.sum(freq_changes)

  @spec first_frequency_reached_twice([integer], {integer, MapSet.t()} | integer) :: integer
  def first_frequency_reached_twice(frequency_changes, acc \\ {0, MapSet.new([0])})

  def first_frequency_reached_twice(_, acc) when is_integer(acc), do: acc

  def first_frequency_reached_twice(frequency_changes, acc) do
    result =
      Enum.reduce_while(frequency_changes, acc, fn digit, {current, past} ->
        next = current + digit

        if MapSet.member?(past, next) do
          {:halt, next}
        else
          {:cont, {next, MapSet.put(past, next)}}
        end
      end)

    first_frequency_reached_twice(frequency_changes, result)
  end

  defp process_file do
    "input"
    |> File.stream!()
    |> Stream.map(fn x -> x |> String.trim() |> String.to_integer() end)
    |> Enum.to_list()
  end
end

ExUnit.start()

defmodule FrequencyTest do
  use ExUnit.Case

  import Frequency

  test "should calculate frequency" do
    test_cases = [
      {[1, -2, 3, 1], 3},
      {[1, 1, 1], 3},
      {[1, 1, -2], 0},
      {[-1, -2, -3], -6}
    ]

    Enum.each(test_cases, fn {changes, expected} ->
      assert frequency(changes) == expected
    end)
  end

  test "should stop when a frequency is reached twice" do
    test_cases = [
      {[1, -2, 3, 1, 1, -2], 2},
      {[1, -1], 0},
      {[3, 3, 4, -2, -4], 10},
      {[-6, 3, 8, 5, -6], 5},
      {[7, 7, -2, -7, -4], 14}
    ]

    Enum.each(test_cases, fn {changes, expected} ->
      assert first_frequency_reached_twice(changes) == expected
    end)
  end
end

#lang racket/base

#|
Reference: https://adventofcode.com/2018/day/1

If you want to test the results:

λ racket
> (require (file "exercise.rkt"))
> (frequency (file->list "input"))
520
> (first-frequency-reached-twice (file->list "input"))
394
|#

(require racket/set)
(require racket/match)

(provide frequency first-frequency-reached-twice)

(define (frequency changes)
  (foldl + 0 changes))

(define (first-frequency-reached-twice changes)
  (find-frequency (cons 0 (set 0)) changes))

(define (find-frequency acc changes)
  (match acc
    [result
     #:when (integer? result)
     result]
    [(cons current previous-frequencies)
     (find-frequency (reduce-while changes previous-frequencies current) changes)]))

(define (reduce-while changes previous-frequencies current)
  (match changes
    [changes
     #:when (eq? '() changes)
     (cons current previous-frequencies)]
    [(cons head tail)
     (define next (+ current head))
     (if (set-member? previous-frequencies next)
         next
         (reduce-while tail (set-add previous-frequencies next) next))]))

#lang racket/base

(require rackunit
         "exercise.rkt")

(define exercise-tests
  (test-suite
   "Tests for exercise day 1"

   (test-case
    "Should calculate frequency"

    (check-equal? (frequency '(1 -2 3 1)) 3)
    (check-equal? (frequency '(1 1 1)) 3)
    (check-equal? (frequency '(1 1 -2)) 0)
    (check-equal? (frequency '(-1 -2 -3)) -6))

   (test-case
    "Should find first frequency reached twice"

    (check-equal? (first-frequency-reached-twice '(1 -1)) 0)
    (check-equal? (first-frequency-reached-twice '(1 -2 3 1 1 -2)) 2)
    (check-equal? (first-frequency-reached-twice '(3 3 4 -2 -4)) 10)
    (check-equal? (first-frequency-reached-twice '(-6 3 8 5 -6)) 5)
    (check-equal? (first-frequency-reached-twice '(7 7 -2 -7 -4)) 14))))

(require rackunit/text-ui)
(run-tests exercise-tests)