PYTHON FUNCTIONS

INTRODUCTION

A set of statements that returns the particular task is called a Python function. The concept is to group together some often performed activities into a function so that, rather than writing the same code repeatedly for various inputs, we can call the function calls repeatedly to reuse the code they contain.

A Few Advantages of Function Use

📌 Boost the Readability of Code
📌 Boost the Reusability of Code

Types of Python Functions

The different types of Python functions are listed below:

📌 Built-in library function: These are accessible Standard functions in Python.

📌 User-defined function: In accordance with our needs, we are able to design our own functions.

Creating a Python Function

The defkeyword in Python allows us to define a function. It can have any kind of functionality and property added to it that we need. The subsequent illustration enables us to comprehend the process of writing a function in Python. Using the defkeyword, we may define a Python function in this manner.

# A simple Python function
def fun():
    print("Welcome to python")

Invoking a Python Function

Once a function has been created in Python, it can be called by supplying its name in parentheses with the parameters of that specific function. The example of calling the def function in Python is shown below.

# A simple Python function
def fun():
    print("Welcome to python")


# Driver code to call a function
fun()

Output:

Welcome to python

Function in Python with Parameters

If you've worked with Java or C/C++ before, you probably already know about function return types and argument data types.

Arguments for Python Functions

Values given inside the function's parenthesis are called arguments. Any number of parameters can be passed to a function, separated by commas.

To determine whether the integer supplied as an argument to the function is even or odd, we will build a straightforward Python function in this example.

# A simple Python function to check
# whether x is even or odd
def evenOdd(x):
    if (x % 2 == 0):
        print("even")
    else:
        print("odd")


# Driver code to call the function
evenOdd(2)
evenOdd(3)

Output

even
odd

Types of Python Function Arguments

Python Function Argument Types
Python allows for the passing of several kinds of parameters when calling a function. The following function argument types are available in Python:

📌 Default argument
📌 Keyword arguments (named arguments)
📌 Positional arguments
📌 Arbitrary arguments (variable-length arguments *args and **kwargs)

Default Arguments

When a value is not supplied in the function call for an argument, the argument is said to have a default value. The default arguments for writing functions in Python are demonstrated in the example that follows.

# Python program to demonstrate
# default arguments
def myFun(x, y=50):
    print("x: ", x)
    print("y: ", y)


# Driver code (We call myFun() with only
# argument)
myFun(10)

#Output

x:  10
y:  50

Keyword Arguments

In order to avoid the caller having to remember the parameter order, the idea is to let the caller declare the argument name along with values.

# Python program to demonstrate Keyword Arguments
def student(firstname, lastname):
    print(firstname, lastname)


# Keyword arguments
student(firstname='John', lastname='Doe')
student(lastname='Doe', firstname='John')

#Output

John Doe
John Doe

Positional Arguments

In order to assign the first parameter (or value) to the name and the second argument (or value) to the age, we used the Position argument during the function call. The values can be utilized incorrectly by shifting the positions or forgetting the order of the positions, as demonstrated in the Case-2 example below, where Suraj is allocated the age and 27 is assigned the name.

def nameAge(name, age):
    print("Hi, I am", name)
    print("My age is ", age)


# You will get correct output because 
# argument is given in order
print("Case-1:")
nameAge("Suraj", 27)
# You will get incorrect output because
# argument is not in order
print("\nCase-2:")
nameAge(27, "Suraj")

#Output

Case-1:
Hi, I am Suraj
My age is  27
Case-2:
Hi, I am 27
My age is  Suraj

Arbitrary Keyword Arguments

Using special symbols, *args and **kwargs in Python Arbitrary Keyword Arguments can pass a configurable number of arguments to a function. Two unique symbols are present:

Python's **kwargs (Keyword Arguments) and *args (Non-Keyword Arguments)

# Python program to illustrate
# *args for variable number of arguments
def myFun(*argv):
    for arg in argv:
        print(arg)


myFun('Hello', 'Welcome', 'to', 'Python')

#Output

Hello
Welcome
to
Python