About "‘str’ object has no attribute ‘decode’" error in Python

✋ Update: This post was originally published on my blog decodingweb.dev, where you can read the latest version for a 💯 user experience. ~reza

If you’re getting the “AttributeError: ‘str’ object has no attribute ‘decode’ error, you’re probably calling decode() on a string value (str object) in Python 3.

Here’s what the error message looks like in the Python shell:

>>> username = 'admin'
>>> username.decode()
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "", line 1, in 
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'. Did you mean: 'encode'?
>>>

Python 3 stores a string as a sequence of Unicode code points and hence there's no need to decode them.

The new str class doesn't even implement the decode() method. If you call this method on a Python 3 string, you'll get the infamous "AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'" error.

Let's confirm it by using the hasattr() function:

username = 'admin'
hasattr(username, 'decode') # False

As you can see, the hasattr() function returns False in this case.

It wasn't the case with Python 2, though. In Python 2, you can store strings as:

• 8-bit strings (by default)
• Unicode objects - by using the u prefix before a string literal (e.g., u'somestring') or by using the unicode constructor (unicode('somestring'))

In Python 2, strings expose a decode() function. In Python 3, however, you don't have to decode your strings as all string values are assumed to be in Unicode.

Encoding and Decoding in Python 3

In Python 3, you can only call the decode() method on a bytes object - when you want to decode it into a Unicode string.

In the Python 3 context:

• Encoding is the process of converting a str object to a bytes object
• Decoding is the process of converting a bytes object to a str object based on the specified encoding.

Calling encode() on a string returns a bytes object:

username = 'admin'
username_encoded = username.encode()

print(type(username_encoded)) # <class 'bytes'>
print(hasattr(username_encoded, 'decode')) # True
print(username_encoded) # b'admin'

If you're working with a legacy code and have no control over the value (whether it's a bytes or str object), you can use a try/catch block to avoid a possible attribute error.

try:
    username_decoded = username.decode('UTF-8')
    # Do something here
except AttributeError:
    pass

But as mentioned earlier, you don't usually need to decode your Python string to Unicode as it already is.

And that's how you fix the "AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'" error in Python 3.

I hope that solves your problem. Thanks for reading.

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