Javascript has some handy methods which is usefull to iterate arrays.The most two common methods is Array.prototype.forEach() and Array.prototype.map().we can iterate arrays with both methods but output is different.This methods is unclear for many developers, espescially for beginners.

• Definition
• 1.Return value
• 2.The ability to chain other methods
• 4.When to use? what?
• Final Thoughts

Definition

The map() method creates a new array every time with the populated results of calling a provided function on every element in the calling array.

The forEach() method executes with the provided function once for each array element.

Return value

The major difference between map() and forEach() is returning value.map returns new array with transformed elements based on the function which you written and even if they do same job, The returning value is undefined.

let users=["jyothiprakash","bhanu","nikitha"]
const newArray=users.map((d)=>{
  return {_id:d}
})
//>>>>[{_id: "jyothiprakash"},{_id: "bhanu"},{_id: "nikitha"}]

const newArray=users.forEach((d)=>{
  return {_id:d}
})
//>>>>>>>>>>>>>return value: undefined

Ability to chain

The difference between map() and forEach() is chain with other methods.map is chainable but forEach isn't.

This means map can chain with other methods like reduce(),sort() etc.But that is not possible with forEach because it will return undefined.

let data=[1,2,3,4,5]

let res=data.map((d)=>d*2).reduce((total,value)=>total+value)
// return value:30

let res=data.forEach((d)=>d*2).reduce((total,value)=>total+value)

//Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'reduce')"

when to use map()? and when to use forEach()?

Choice between forEach and map is depends on your usecase.

If you want to change,alternate or use data you can pick map because it will return a new array.

If you don't want returning array you can use forEach or even for loop.

Final Thoughts

1.Just about anything you can with forEach() and map() methods.

2.map allocates memory and always stores return value.forEach through away return values and always return undefined.

3.forEach will allow a callback function to mutate current array but map won't mutate current array instead return new array.

I hope this post will clear difference between map and forEach methods.If there are more methods please mention in comment section.

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Thanks.