So, my CS Students keep asking me - what are the differences between Procedural and Object-oriented programming languages?
Makes sense that the info is all in one place now. OOP definitely built on the mistakes/faults of functional programming, and the inclusion of methods, encapsulation, and inheritance make OOP infinitely better.
| Feature | Procedural (Functional) Programming | Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | Procedures or routines (functions) | Objects (instances of classes) |
| Data and Functions | Separate entities | Bundled together in classes |
| Global Data | Yes, often used | Encourages encapsulation and local data |
| Modularity | Emphasizes breaking down into procedures | Emphasizes breaking down into objects and classes |
| Classes and Objects | Not applicable | Central to the paradigm, defining blueprints |
| Encapsulation | Limited | Key principle, bundling data and methods |
| Inheritance | Not typically supported | Supports the creation of derived classes |
| Polymorphism | Not typically supported | Supports polymorphism, method overloading, etc. |
| Example Languages | C, Pascal, Fortran | Java, C++, Python, Ruby, etc. |
| Abstraction | Less emphasis | Emphasizes abstraction for real-world modeling |
| Code Reusability | Achieved through functions | Achieved through inheritance, polymorphism, etc. |
| Complexity | May be suitable for simpler projects | Often preferred for larger, complex projects |
| Real-world Modeling | May not closely mirror entities | Designed to closely mirror real-world entities |
| Language Examples | C, Pascal, Fortran | Java, C++, Python, Ruby, etc. |
Top comments (3)
Consider providing some more examples of Functional Programming.
Also example about the pros and cons for the same.
Here are a few more functional programming languages.
Great post.
Please do explain about the Hybrid programming languages, for example - Rust, Python
Very nice. Though in my mind, procedural (aka imperative) is different from functional, which itself is different from object-oriented.