Jose

Posted on Mar 10 • Updated on Mar 12

Automate and Deploy a Docker Container to Google Cloud Run from Scratch using Pulumi and Go ( Minimum Permissions and CLI)

#webdev #devops #googlecloud

This tutorial shows you how to deploy and automate a Docker container using Pulumi in Google Cloud Platform's Cloud Run with minimum permissions.

Here's the GitHub Repository for reference:
https://github.com/superjose/deploy-to-cloud-run-go

Get the CLIs:

1) Create a Google Cloud Account.

2) Install Google Cloud CLI

3) Install Pulumi CLI

4) Install Docker - We need it to build the Docker container.

Bootstrap the project:

5) Create a pulumi directory.

6) Run pulumi new go to initialize a pulumi project with Go (It can be your language of choice).

7) Navigate to the pulumi directory.

8) Navigate to cloud.google.com and create a new project.

Take note of the project-id (Usually the project's name).

Generate the necessary permissions using gcloud CLI

9) Login with the Google Auth CLI:

gcloud auth login

Open the link that will show up and finish logging in.

Enable the service usage API

gcloud services enable serviceusage.googleapis.com

10) (Optional) Set the project in google cloud CLI (Can be changed anytime). This saves you from passing --project [PROJECT-ID] into every gcloud command.

If your machine has multiple GCP projects, skip this step and pass the --project flag into every gcloud command.

11) Create a service account (The account that Pulumi will connect to):

gcloud iam service-accounts create pulumi-gcp --description="Pulumi GCP"

12) Download the credentials for the service accounts and store them locally (Remember to replace [PROJECT-ID] with your GCP Project Id):

gcloud iam service-accounts keys create ~/keys/gcp/pulumi-service-account-key-file.json --iam-account=pulumi-gcp@[PROJECT-ID].iam.gserviceaccount.com

13) Set Pulumi's gcp credentials config path:
(This will connect the service account with Pulumi)

pulumi config set gcp:credentials ~/keys/gcp/pulumi-service-account-key-file.json

14) Set the GCP Project by doing:

pulumi config set gcp:project [PROJECT-ID]

15) Create a roles.gcp.yml file (Inside the pulumi dir) and add the required permissions in includedPermissions:

# https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/creating-custom-roles#creating
# Yaml to define the Pulumi GCP Roles that need to be created with gcloud CLI
title: Pulumi GCP Roles
description: |
  This policy ensures that all GCP roles are created using Pulumi.
stage: GA
# https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/permissions-reference
includedPermissions:
  - serviceusage.services.list
  - serviceusage.services.enable
  - serviceusage.services.disable
  - serviceusage.services.get
  - serviceusage.services.use
    # Permissions for GCR
  - storage.objects.create
  - storage.objects.delete # Optional: only include if you need to delete images
  - storage.objects.get
  # Permissions for Google Artifact Registry
  - artifactregistry.repositories.create
  - artifactregistry.repositories.delete
  - artifactregistry.repositories.get
  - artifactregistry.repositories.list
  - artifactregistry.repositories.update
  - artifactregistry.repositories.downloadArtifacts
  - artifactregistry.repositories.uploadArtifacts
  - artifactregistry.repositories.deleteArtifacts
  # Permissions
  # Permissions
  - run.services.create
  - run.services.get
  - run.services.list
  - run.services.update
  - run.services.delete
  - run.services.getIamPolicy
  - run.services.setIamPolicy
  - iam.serviceAccounts.actAs
# NOTE: This should be removed the first time you're creating a role.
# This etag is to update the current active role (As GCP lets you manage multiple roles)
# I'm commenting it out so I can always replace the role
# etag: BwYS74Xx5y4=

16) Create the pulumi_admin_role with the file above:
(We assume we're running this code from the pulumi directory)

gcloud iam roles create pulumi_admin_role --project=[PROJECT-ID] --file='./roles.gcp.yml'

17) In case you need to make edits, change the file and use:

gcloud iam roles update pulumi_admin_role --project=[PROJECT-ID] --file='./roles.gcp.yml'

18) We're also adding the serviceAccountAdmin role (I haven't found a better way) (Otherwise we'd get 403 errors when refreshing and updating in Pulumi)¹

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding [PROJECT-ID] --role roles/iam.serviceAccountAdmin   --member serviceAccount:pulumi-gcp@[PROJECT-ID].iam.gserviceaccount.com

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding [PROJECT-ID] --role projects/[PROJECT-ID]/roles/pulumi_admin_role   --member serviceAccount:pulumi-gcp@[PROJECT-ID].iam.gserviceaccount.com

19) Our main.go in the pulumi directory:
(Check the code for comments!)

We enable the required services (Artifact Registry, and Cloud Run).
Artifact Registry is used to host the docker container image.
Cloud Runner will launch the Docker image from Artifact Registry.
We build the docker image locally (We specify the platform in case you're using an ARM chip like M1, M2, Snapdragon SQ, X Elite, etc.)
We create a chain of "DependsOn" to notify Pulumi: 5.1 Services need to be enabled first 5.2 We create the Artifact Repository 5.3 We build the docker image and push it to Artifact Registry. 5.4 We pull the Docker Image from Artifact Registry and run it. 5.5 We add IAM permissions so it can be accessed from anywhere.

package main

import (
    "errors"
    "log"
    "os"

    "github.com/joho/godotenv"
    "github.com/pulumi/pulumi-docker/sdk/v3/go/docker"
    "github.com/pulumi/pulumi-gcp/sdk/v7/go/gcp/artifactregistry"
    "github.com/pulumi/pulumi-gcp/sdk/v7/go/gcp/cloudrun"
    "github.com/pulumi/pulumi-gcp/sdk/v7/go/gcp/projects"
    "github.com/pulumi/pulumi/sdk/v3/go/pulumi"
)

// This is the name you created in Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
const gcpProjectId = "deploy-to-cloud-run-go"

// The Docker Image Name
const dockerImageName = "my-app-docker"
const artifactRegistryServiceName = "artifact-registry-api"
const artifactRegistryRepoName = "my-app-artifact-repo"
const artifactRegistryRepoLocation = "us-east1"
const cloudRunAdminServiceName = "cloud-run-admin-service"
const cloudRunServiceName = "cloud-run-service"

// For more info: https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/locations
const cloudRunLocation = "us-east1"

// The tag for the Docker image
const imageTag = "latest"

// This is a url like: us-east1-docker.pkg.dev
// It is used to push the Docker image to Google Container Registry
// For more info: https://cloud.google.com/container-registry/docs/pushing-and-pulling
// The format is: <region>-docker.pkg.dev
var dockerGCPServer = cloudRunLocation + "-docker.pkg.dev"

// The full path to the Docker image
// It is used to deploy the Docker image to Google Cloud Run
// The format is: <region>-docker.pkg.dev/<project-id>/<repo-name>/<image-name>:<tag>
// For more info: https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/deploying
// Example: us-east1-docker.pkg.dev/deploy-to-cloud-run-go/my-app--artifact-repo/my-app-docker:latest
var dockerImageWithPath = dockerGCPServer + "/" + gcpProjectId + "/" + artifactRegistryRepoName + "/" + dockerImageName + ":" + imageTag

func main() {

    // Load the .env file
    err := godotenv.Load()

    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("Error loading .env file")
    }

    pulumi.Run(func(ctx *pulumi.Context) error {

        enabledServices, serviceResultErr := enableServices(ctx)

        if serviceResultErr != nil {
            return serviceResultErr
        }

        artifactRegistryRepo, createArtifactErr := createArtifactRegistryNewRepository(ctx, &enabledServices)
        if createArtifactErr != nil {
            return createArtifactErr
        }

        dockerImage, buildAndPushErr := buildAndPushToContainerRegistry(ctx, &enabledServices, artifactRegistryRepo)

        if buildAndPushErr != nil {
            return buildAndPushErr
        }

        deployContainerErr := deployContainerToCloudRun(ctx, &enabledServices, dockerImage)

        if deployContainerErr != nil {
            return deployContainerErr
        }

        return nil
    })
}

type EnabledServices struct {
    CloudRunService         *projects.Service `pulumi:"cloudRunService"`
    ArtifactRegistryService *projects.Service `pulumi:"artifactRegistryService"`
}

func enableServices(ctx *pulumi.Context) (EnabledServices, error) {
    cloudResourceManager, cloudResourceErr := projects.NewService(ctx, "cloud-resource-manager", &projects.ServiceArgs{
        Service: pulumi.String("cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com"),
        Project: pulumi.String(gcpProjectId),
    })

    if cloudResourceErr != nil {
        return EnabledServices{}, cloudResourceErr
    }

    cloudRunService, cloudRunAdminErr := projects.NewService(ctx, cloudRunAdminServiceName, &projects.ServiceArgs{
        Service: pulumi.String("run.googleapis.com"),
        Project: pulumi.String(gcpProjectId),
    }, pulumi.DependsOn([]pulumi.Resource{cloudResourceManager}))

    if cloudRunAdminErr != nil {
        return EnabledServices{}, cloudRunAdminErr
    }

    artifactRegistryService, err := projects.NewService(ctx, artifactRegistryServiceName, &projects.ServiceArgs{
        Service: pulumi.String("artifactregistry.googleapis.com"),
    }, pulumi.DependsOn([]pulumi.Resource{cloudResourceManager}))

    if err != nil {
        return EnabledServices{}, err
    }
    return EnabledServices{
        CloudRunService:         cloudRunService,
        ArtifactRegistryService: artifactRegistryService,
    }, nil
}

func createArtifactRegistryNewRepository(ctx *pulumi.Context, enabledServices *EnabledServices) (*artifactregistry.Repository, error) {

    if enabledServices == nil || enabledServices.ArtifactRegistryService == nil {
        return nil, errors.New("enabledServices cannot be nil")
    }

    dependingResources := []pulumi.Resource{
        enabledServices.ArtifactRegistryService,
    }

    repo, err := artifactregistry.NewRepository(ctx, artifactRegistryRepoName, &artifactregistry.RepositoryArgs{
        Location:     pulumi.String(artifactRegistryRepoLocation),
        RepositoryId: pulumi.String(artifactRegistryRepoName),
        Format:       pulumi.String("DOCKER"),
        Description:  pulumi.String("The repository that will hold social-log Docker images."),
    }, pulumi.DependsOn(dependingResources))

    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    return repo, nil
}

func buildAndPushToContainerRegistry(ctx *pulumi.Context, enabledServices *EnabledServices, artifactRegistryRepo *artifactregistry.Repository) (*docker.Image, error) {

    if enabledServices == nil || enabledServices.ArtifactRegistryService == nil {
        return nil, errors.New("enabledServices cannot be nil")
    }

    if artifactRegistryRepo == nil {
        return nil, errors.New("artifactRegistryRepo cannot be nil")
    }

    // Lookup GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS environment variable which should hold the path to the JSON key file
    jsonKeyPath, present := os.LookupEnv("GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS_FILE_PATH")
    if !present {
        return nil, errors.New("GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS_FILE_PATH environment variable is not set")
    }

    // Read the JSON key file
    jsonKey, err := os.ReadFile(jsonKeyPath)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    dependingSources := []pulumi.Resource{
        enabledServices.ArtifactRegistryService,
        artifactRegistryRepo,
    }

    // Build and push Docker image to Google Container Registry using the JSON key
    image, err := docker.NewImage(ctx, dockerImageName, &docker.ImageArgs{
        Build: &docker.DockerBuildArgs{
            Context: pulumi.String("../"), // Adjust the context according to your project structure

            ExtraOptions: pulumi.StringArray{
                // This option is needed for devices running on ARM architecture, such as Apple M1/M2/MX CPUs
                pulumi.String("--platform=linux/amd64"),
            },
        },
        ImageName: pulumi.String(dockerImageWithPath),
        Registry: &docker.ImageRegistryArgs{
            Server:   pulumi.String(dockerGCPServer),
            Username: pulumi.String("_json_key"),     // Special username for GCP
            Password: pulumi.String(string(jsonKey)), // Provide the contents of the key file
        },
    }, pulumi.DependsOn(dependingSources))
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    return image, nil
}

func deployContainerToCloudRun(ctx *pulumi.Context, enabledServices *EnabledServices, dockerImage *docker.Image) error {

    if enabledServices == nil || enabledServices.CloudRunService == nil {
        return errors.New("enabledServices cannot be nil")
    }

    if dockerImage == nil {
        return errors.New("dockerImage cannot be nil")
    }

    dependingSources := []pulumi.Resource{
        enabledServices.CloudRunService,
        dockerImage,
    }

    appService, err := cloudrun.NewService(ctx, cloudRunServiceName, &cloudrun.ServiceArgs{
        Location: pulumi.String(cloudRunLocation), // Choose the appropriate region for your service
        Template: &cloudrun.ServiceTemplateArgs{
            Spec: &cloudrun.ServiceTemplateSpecArgs{
                Containers: cloudrun.ServiceTemplateSpecContainerArray{
                    &cloudrun.ServiceTemplateSpecContainerArgs{
                        Image: dockerImage.ImageName,
                        Resources: &cloudrun.ServiceTemplateSpecContainerResourcesArgs{
                            Limits: pulumi.StringMap{
                                "memory": pulumi.String("256Mi"), // Adjust the memory limit as needed
                            },
                        },
                    },
                },
            },
        },
        Traffics: cloudrun.ServiceTrafficArray{
            &cloudrun.ServiceTrafficArgs{
                Percent:        pulumi.Int(100),
                LatestRevision: pulumi.Bool(true),
            },
        },
    }, pulumi.DependsOn(dependingSources))

    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    _, iamErr := cloudrun.NewIamMember(ctx, "invoker", &cloudrun.IamMemberArgs{
        Service:  appService.Name,
        Location: appService.Location,
        Role:     pulumi.String("roles/run.invoker"),
        Member:   pulumi.String("allUsers"),
    })

    if iamErr != nil {
        return iamErr
    }

    ctx.Export("containerUrl", appService.Statuses.Index(pulumi.Int(0)).Url().ToOutput(ctx.Context()))
    return nil
}

18) Update the ENV in your Dockerfile:
There's a known issue, and here in which you need to export your HOME environment variable to /root;

# Set the ENV HOME before your ENTRYPOINT.
ENV HOME=/root

# This is specific to your project. 
ENTRYPOINT ["/whatever-is-your-entrypoint"]

20) Create a .env file in the pulumi directory:
Set the **full path* to the one you saved on 11)

GOOGLE_CREDENTIALS_FILE_PATH="/Users/myusername/keys/gcp/pulumi-service-account-key-file.json"

21) Run pulumi up

And you should be up and going!

22) The go.mod

module social-log-go

go 1.21

toolchain go1.22.0

require (
    github.com/pulumi/pulumi-gcp/sdk/v7 v7.11.2
    github.com/pulumi/pulumi/sdk/v3 v3.108.1
)

require (
    dario.cat/mergo v1.0.0 // indirect
    github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0 // indirect
    github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.1 // indirect
    github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v0.0.0-20230828082145-3c4c8a2d2371 // indirect
    github.com/aead/chacha20 v0.0.0-20180709150244-8b13a72661da // indirect
    github.com/agext/levenshtein v1.2.3 // indirect
    github.com/apparentlymart/go-textseg/v13 v13.0.0 // indirect
    github.com/atotto/clipboard v0.1.4 // indirect
    github.com/aymanbagabas/go-osc52/v2 v2.0.1 // indirect
    github.com/blang/semver v3.5.1+incompatible // indirect
    github.com/charmbracelet/bubbles v0.16.1 // indirect
    github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea v0.24.2 // indirect
    github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v0.7.1 // indirect
    github.com/cheggaaa/pb v1.0.29 // indirect
    github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.3.7 // indirect
    github.com/containerd/console v1.0.4-0.20230313162750-1ae8d489ac81 // indirect
    github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.2.4 // indirect
    github.com/djherbis/times v1.5.0 // indirect
    github.com/emirpasic/gods v1.18.1 // indirect
    github.com/go-git/gcfg v1.5.1-0.20230307220236-3a3c6141e376 // indirect
    github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5 v5.5.0 // indirect
    github.com/go-git/go-git/v5 v5.11.0 // indirect
    github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
    github.com/golang/glog v1.1.0 // indirect
    github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
    github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.3 // indirect
    github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0 // indirect
    github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-opentracing v0.0.0-20180507213350-8e809c8a8645 // indirect
    github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
    github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
    github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2 v2.17.0 // indirect
    github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
    github.com/jbenet/go-context v0.0.0-20150711004518-d14ea06fba99 // indirect
    github.com/joho/godotenv v1.5.1 // indirect
    github.com/kevinburke/ssh_config v1.2.0 // indirect
    github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0 // indirect
    github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.19 // indirect
    github.com/mattn/go-localereader v0.0.1 // indirect
    github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15 // indirect
    github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 // indirect
    github.com/mitchellh/go-wordwrap v1.0.1 // indirect
    github.com/muesli/ansi v0.0.0-20230316100256-276c6243b2f6 // indirect
    github.com/muesli/cancelreader v0.2.2 // indirect
    github.com/muesli/reflow v0.3.0 // indirect
    github.com/muesli/termenv v0.15.2 // indirect
    github.com/opentracing/basictracer-go v1.1.0 // indirect
    github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go v1.2.0 // indirect
    github.com/pgavlin/fx v0.1.6 // indirect
    github.com/pjbgf/sha1cd v0.3.0 // indirect
    github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
    github.com/pkg/term v1.1.0 // indirect
    github.com/pulumi/appdash v0.0.0-20231130102222-75f619a67231 // indirect
    github.com/pulumi/esc v0.6.2 // indirect
    github.com/pulumi/pulumi-docker/sdk/v3 v3.6.1 // indirect
    github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.4 // indirect
    github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0 // indirect
    github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore v0.0.0-20210923224102-525f6e181f06 // indirect
    github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v5 v5.0.0 // indirect
    github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.3.1 // indirect
    github.com/skeema/knownhosts v1.2.1 // indirect
    github.com/spf13/cobra v1.7.0 // indirect
    github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
    github.com/texttheater/golang-levenshtein v1.0.1 // indirect
    github.com/tweekmonster/luser v0.0.0-20161003172636-3fa38070dbd7 // indirect
    github.com/uber/jaeger-client-go v2.30.0+incompatible // indirect
    github.com/uber/jaeger-lib v2.4.1+incompatible // indirect
    github.com/xanzy/ssh-agent v0.3.3 // indirect
    github.com/zclconf/go-cty v1.13.2 // indirect
    go.uber.org/atomic v1.9.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/crypto v0.17.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20231110203233-9a3e6036ecaa // indirect
    golang.org/x/mod v0.14.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/net v0.19.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/sync v0.5.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/sys v0.15.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/term v0.15.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 // indirect
    golang.org/x/tools v0.15.0 // indirect
    google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20230706204954-ccb25ca9f130 // indirect
    google.golang.org/grpc v1.57.1 // indirect
    google.golang.org/protobuf v1.31.0 // indirect
    gopkg.in/warnings.v0 v0.1.2 // indirect
    gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
    lukechampine.com/frand v1.4.2 // indirect
)

If you include this go.mod Run go tidy, and this will fetch all the packages for you

Footnotes

¹I fought against permissions for 5 days. The serviceAccountAdmin predefined GCP role brought in the additional permissions needed.

DEV Community

Automate and Deploy a Docker Container to Google Cloud Run from Scratch using Pulumi and Go ( Minimum Permissions and CLI)

Get the CLIs:

Bootstrap the project:

Generate the necessary permissions using gcloud CLI

Footnotes

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