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Jihad Sinnaour
Jihad Sinnaour

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Setup a LAMP (Debian 11) - Optimized method

#hosts #programming #tutorial

⚡ Update / Upgrade

Update source:

@ /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ {dist} main
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Update libs: 

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
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Update system: 

apt-get upgrade --without-new-pkgs
apt-get full-upgrade
reboot
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Fix APT : 

rm -fr /var/lib/apt/lists/*
apt-get --purge autoremove
apt-get clean all
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Check: 

uname -r
lsb_release -a
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⚡ Setup Access (SSH/SFTP)

Install: 

apt-get install openssh-server
# apt-get install ssh (client/server)
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Change root password: 

passwd root
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Add SSH user: 

adduser {username}
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Apply SUDO on SSH user: 

usermod -aG sudo {username}
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@ /etc/sudoers

{username} ALL=(ALL) ALL
# {username} ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
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Setup SSH/SFTP (CHROOT)

Configuration:

@ /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Port {port}
LoginGraceTime 60
PermitRootLogin no
StrictModes yes
MaxAuthTries 6
MaxSessions 3
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#Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server (comment)
Subsystem sftp internal-sftp
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Match [User|Group] {username|groupname}
        ForceCommand internal-sftp -u 077
        PasswordAuthentication yes
        ChrootDirectory /var/www
        AllowTCPForwarding no
        X11Forwarding no
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Restart: 

sshd -t
systemctl restart sshd
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Check: 

tail -f /var/log/auth.log
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⚡ Setup Apache Server

Install: 

apt-get install apache2
apt-get install libapache2-mod-php7.4
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Configuration: 

a2enmod rewrite
a2dissite 000-default
a2dissite default-ssl
a2ensite {site}
a2dissite {site}
apache2ctl configtest
service apache2 restart
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⚡ Setup MySQL Server

Install: 

apt-get install mariadb-server
mysql_secure_installation
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Add database: 

mysql -u root
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CREATE USER '{username}'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '{password}';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO '{username}'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS {database};
exit;
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service mysql restart
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Dump: 

mysqldump -u {username} –p {password} {database} > {dump.sql}
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⚡ Setup PHP

Install: 

apt-get install php7.4 (php7.4-common)
apt-get install php7.4-cli
apt-get install php7.4-curl
apt-get install php7.4-intl
apt-get install php7.4-imagick
apt-get install php7.4-{extension}
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Change php version: 

a2dismod php7.0
a2enmod php7.4
service apache2 restart
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⚡ Setup PhpMyAdmin

Install: 

apt-get install phpmyadmin
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Configuration:

@ /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf
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echo 'Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf' >> /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
service apache2 restart
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⚡ Setup FTP (Optional)

Install: 

apt-get install vsftpd
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Configuration:

@ /etc/vsftpd.conf

Edit:

listen=YES
write_enable=YES
chown_uploads=YES
chown_username=www-data
chroot_local_user=YES
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd
pam_service_name=vsftpd
local_umask=0022
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
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Add:

allow_writeable_chroot=YES
chmod_enable=YES
ftp_username=www-data
force_dot_files=YES
max_clients=10
max_per_ip=3
hide_ids=YES
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd
file_open_mode=0777
user_sub_token=$USER
vsftpd_log_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
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mkdir /etc/vsftpd
nano /etc/vsftpd/{username}
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local_root=/var/wwwsername}
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service vsftpd restart
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⚡ Setup DNS Server

Install: 

apt-get install bind9
service bind9 restart
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⚡ Setup SMTP

Install: 

apt-get install postfix mailutils (postfix-mysql)
service postfix restart
service apache2 restart
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⚡ Setup TLS/SSL

Install: 

apt-get install openssl
apt-get install certbot python3-certbot-apache
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Configuration: 

certbot --apache
# certbot renew (/etc/letsencrypt/renewal)
# certbot certonly --cert-name domain.com -d domain.com
service apache2 restart
crontab -e
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12 3 * * * letsencrypt renew >> /var/log/letsencrypt/renew.log
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service cron restart
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⚡ Setup Firewall

Install: 

apt-get install ufw
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Configuration: 

ufw disable
ufw default deny incoming
ufw default allow outgoing
ufw allow 80
ufw allow 443
ufw allow ssh
ufw allow from {IPV4} to any port {port}
ufw allow from {IPV6} to any port {port}
ufw enable
# ufw reset
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⚡ Setup Permissions

Add WEB/SFTP user: 

useradd {username}
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Add WEB/SFTP user to www-data Group: 

# adduser {username} {group}
usermod -aG www-data {username}
usermod -d /var/www -m {username}
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Apply WEB/SFTP directory permissions: 

chown -R {username}:www-data /var/www/
find /var/www -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
find /var/www -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
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Change Access Control Lists (Optional): 

apt-get install acl
setfacl -R -m g:www-data:rwx /var/www
setfacl -R -m u:{username}:rwx /var/www
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Change Apache user:

@ /etc/apache2/envvars

export APACHE_RUN_USER={username}
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echo 'export APACHE_RUN_USER={username}' >> /etc/apache2/envvars
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⚡ Setup Redis

Install: 

apt-get install redis-server
apt-get install php7.4-redis
apt-get install php7.4-igbinary
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Configuration:

@ /etc/redis/redis.conf

# bind 127.0.0.1 ::1 (comment)
maxmemory 1024mb
maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
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Restart: 

service redis-server restart
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Test: 

redis-cli
redis-cli FLUSHALL
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⚡ Setup WP-CLI

Install: 

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wp-cli/builds/gh-pages/phar/wp-cli.phar
chmod u+x wp-cli.phar
mv wp-cli.phar /usr/local/bin/wp
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⚡ Setup GIT

Install: 

apt-get install git
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Configuration: 

git config --global user.name "{username}"
git config --global user.email "{email}"
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⚡ Setup Security

Install Fail2ban: 

apt-get install fail2ban
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Secure Apache:

@ /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

# Decrease Timeout value
Timeout 60
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@ /etc/apache2/mods-available/ssl.conf

# Use only TLS, Disable SSLv2, SSLv3
SSLProtocol -all +TLSv1

# Disable Weak Ciphers
SSLCipherSuite HIGH:!MEDIUM:!aNULL:!MD5:!RC4
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@ /etc/apache2/mods-available/userdir.conf

# Limit HTTP Request Methods
allow only GET, POST and HEAD
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@ /etc/apache2/conf-available/security.conf

ServerTokens Prod
TraceEnable off
ServerSignature Off
FileETag None
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# Set rules for Directory /var/www/html
Options None
AllowOverride All
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from All
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a2enmod headers
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# Cookie with HttpOnly and Secure flag
Header edit Set-Cookie ^(.*)$ $1;HttpOnly;Secure

# Clickjacking Attack Protection
Header always append X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN

# XSS Protection
Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"

# Enforce secure connections to the server (HSTS)
Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains"

# MIME sniffing Protection
Header set X-Content-Type-Options: "nosniff"

# Prevent Cross-site scripting and injections
Header set Content-Security-Policy "script-src 'self'; object-src 'self'"
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service apache2 restart
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Disable FTP access: 

iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j DROP
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⚡ Tools

Install: 

apt-get install net-tools
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⚡ Service

Reset: 

systemctl stop {service}
systemctl disable {service}
systemctl unmask {service}
rm /etc/systemd/system/{service}
rm /usr/lib/systemd/system/{service} 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl reset-failed
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Authors:

  • Jihad Sinnaour - Jakiboy (Initial work)

⭐ Support:

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