What is an array?
An array is used to store many elements of the same type in contiguous blocks of memory
Creating Uninitialized Arrays
An uninitialized array is created as follows:
type arr[array_size];
Creating an Initialized Array
An initialized array is created as follows:
type arr[] = {element1, element2, element3, …};
Accessing Array Elements
You can access the array element at index idx as follows:
arr[index];
First and Last Array Elements
The first and last elements in the array can be found at the following indices:
firstElement = arr[0];
lastElement = arr[arraySize - 1];
sizeof()
Array size can be found using the sizeof() function
Iterating Through Arrays
Arrays can be iterated through using while loops or for loops.
Invalid Array Access
Attempting to access or modify an element at an index greater than the length of the array will cause the program to behave unpredictably.
Creating Multidimensional Arrays
Initialized and uninitialized multidimensional arrays are created as follows:
initializedMultArray = type arr[][dim2Size]…[dimNSize] = {{element1, element2,…},{element1, element2, …}, …};
uninitializedMultArray = type arr[dim1Size][dim2Size]…[dimNSize];
String Length
Arrays are static, therefore the length of a string cannot be modified.
Accessing Characters in a String
Characters in a string can be accessed and modified using indices, the same technique used with arrays.
Creating Strings
Strings can be created by initializing an array of char
s.
Null Character
All strings terminate with a null character ('\0'
).
strlen()
You can find the length of a string using the strlen() function.
strcat()
Two strings can be concatenated using the strcat() function.
strcpy()
A string can be copied into an empty char array (empty string) using the strcpy() function.
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