Types of Conditionals
A conditional in C can be written using if
, else-if
, else
, ternary operators
, and switch
statements.
if Statements
An if
statement tests an expression and executes code based on its truth.
if (x == 3) {
printf("x is 3!");
}
else-if Statements
An else-if
statement tests an expression and must come after an existing if
or else-if
.
if (x > 3) {
printf("x is greater than 3");
} else if (x < 3) {
printf("x is less than 3");
}
else Statements
An else
statement is accessed when all preceding if
and/or else-if
statements return false.
if (x > 3) {
printf("x is greater than 3");
} else if (x < 3) {
printf("x is less than 3");
} else {
printf("x equals 3");
}
Dangling else Statement
A dangling else
statement results when it’s ambiguous which conditional the else
statement is attached to.
Ternary Operators
A ternary operator is a condensed if-else
statement.
min = a < b ? a : b; // This is the same as the if-else below
if (a < b) {
min = a;
} else {
min = b;
}
switch Statements
A switch
statement is a condensed series of cascading else
statements. It tests a value and compares it against multiple cases.
switch (grade) {
case 9:
printf("Freshman\n");
break;
case 10:
printf("Sophomore\n");
break;
case 11:
printf("Junior\n");
break;
case 12:
printf("Senior\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid\n");
break;
}
Operators and Conditionals
A conditional in C can use relational operators such as &&
, ||
, and !
to compare values and test multiple expressions.
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