Applying Reference table1 to the Rails application by following 2 steps.
- Create reference tables that contains STI types / Polymorphic types / possible enum values / inclusion values.
- Add foreign key constraint from the column to the reference table to prevent to set a wrong name to STI type / set a wrong name to Polymorphic type / set a invalid value to the enum / set a excluded values to inclusion validated column.
Sample repository
https://github.com/hanachin/iikanji_enum/
How to do
Set same type to a id column of a reference table and type column of a model table, or enum value column of the model table.
Then add foreign key constraint.
Sample migration file is looks like following:
# db/migrate/20200627151958_create_posts.rb
class CreatePosts < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
def change
create_table :posts do |t|
t.string :type
t.integer :state
t.string :title
t.text :body
t.timestamps
end
create_table :post_states do |t|
t.string :name
t.timestamps
end
add_foreign_key :posts, :post_states, column: :state
create_table :post_types, id: :string do |t|
t.timestamps
end
add_foreign_key :posts, :post_types, column: :type
end
end
After a rails db:migrate, the db/schema.rb will looks like following:
# db/schema.rb
# This file is auto-generated from the current state of the database. Instead
# of editing this file, please use the migrations feature of Active Record to
# incrementally modify your database, and then regenerate this schema definition.
#
# This file is the source Rails uses to define your schema when running `rails
# db:schema:load`. When creating a new database, `rails db:schema:load` tends to
# be faster and is potentially less error prone than running all of your
# migrations from scratch. Old migrations may fail to apply correctly if those
# migrations use external dependencies or application code.
#
# It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system.
ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2020_06_27_160353) do
# These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database
enable_extension "plpgsql"
create_table "post_states", force: :cascade do |t|
t.string "name"
t.datetime "created_at", precision: 6, null: false
t.datetime "updated_at", precision: 6, null: false
end
create_table "post_types", id: :string, force: :cascade do |t|
t.datetime "created_at", precision: 6, null: false
t.datetime "updated_at", precision: 6, null: false
end
create_table "posts", force: :cascade do |t|
t.string "type"
t.integer "state"
t.string "title"
t.text "body"
t.datetime "created_at", precision: 6, null: false
t.datetime "updated_at", precision: 6, null: false
end
add_foreign_key "posts", "post_states", column: "state"
add_foreign_key "posts", "post_types", column: "type"
end
When there are STI models that uses ActiveRecord::Enum like following:
# app/models/post.rb
class Post < ApplicationRecord
enum state: { draft: 0, published: 1 }
end
# app/models/draft_post.rb
class DraftPost < Post
end
# app/models/published_post.rb
class PublishedPost < Post
end
Create reference table records that possible values of STI types / enum values like following:
# app/models/post/state.rb
class Post < ApplicationRecord
class State < ApplicationRecord
class << self
def seed
Post.states.each do |state, id|
find_or_create_by!(id: id, name: state)
end
end
end
end
end
# app/models/post/type.rb
class Post < ApplicationRecord
class Type < ApplicationRecord
class << self
def seed
[PublishedPost, DraftPost].each do |klass|
find_or_create_by!(id: klass.name)
end
end
end
end
end
Then run rails runner Post::Type.seed rails runner Post::State.seed.
Once reference tables and foreign key constraint set up, then you can see You can not save the model with type that does not exists on a reference table post_types.
Loading development environment (Rails 6.0.3.2)
irb(main):001:0> post = Post.first
Post Load (0.2ms) SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" ORDER BY "posts"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]]
irb(main):002:0> post
=> #<DraftPost id: 3, type: "DraftPost", state: "draft", title: "test", body: "test", created_at: "2020-06-27 16:14:49", updated_at: "2020-06-27 16:14:49">
irb(main):003:0> post.type = "YavayPost"
irb(main):004:0> post.save!
(0.3ms) BEGIN
DraftPost Update (1.2ms) UPDATE "posts" SET "type" = $1, "updated_at" = $2 WHERE "posts"."id" = $3 [["type", "YavayPost"], ["updated_at", "2020-06-27 16:40:40.492136"], ["id", 3]]
(0.2ms) ROLLBACK
Traceback (most recent call last):
1: from (irb):4
ActiveRecord::InvalidForeignKey (PG::ForeignKeyViolation: ERROR: insert or update on table "posts" violates foreign key constraint "fk_rails_43c128f7b9")
DETAIL: Key (type)=(YavayPost) is not present in table "post_types".
irb(main):005:0>
The enum column is also the same, You can not save the enum value that does not exists on a reference table post_states.
Loading development environment (Rails 6.0.3.2)
irb(main):001:0> class Post; enum state: { amasawa: 4423 }; end
=> {:state=>{:amasawa=>4423}}
irb(main):002:0> post = Post.first
Post Load (0.2ms) SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" ORDER BY "posts"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]]
irb(main):003:0> post
=> #<DraftPost id: 3, type: "DraftPost", state: nil, title: "test", body: "test", created_at: "2020-06-27 16:14:49", updated_at: "2020-06-27 16:14:49">
irb(main):004:0> post.state = :amasawa
irb(main):005:0> post.save!
(0.3ms) BEGIN
DraftPost Update (1.3ms) UPDATE "posts" SET "state" = $1, "updated_at" = $2 WHERE "posts"."id" = $3 [["state", 4423], ["updated_at", "2020-06-27 16:43:03.201733"], ["id", 3]]
(0.2ms) ROLLBACK
Traceback (most recent call last):
1: from (irb):5
ActiveRecord::InvalidForeignKey (PG::ForeignKeyViolation: ERROR: insert or update on table "posts" violates foreign key constraint "fk_rails_93ccb3c476")
DETAIL: Key (state)=(4423) is not present in table "post_states".
irb(main):006:0>
Conclusion
Database constraint is awesome. Let's use reference table in the Rails apps.
You can apply the Reference table to STI types and possible enum values.
Also You can apply the Reference table to Polymorphic types and valid inclusion values.
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