Install
Before installing Svelte, we recommend you to make the following things done:
- Install Node.js environment.
- Install Code Editor（VSCode recommended）
- Know something about Html, Css and JavaScript
Installed via Vite（recommended）
After we have installed the Node environment, we can use Vite to install. Because the use of Vite has a higher version of Node.js requirements, so I recommend that you install a relatively new Node.js. currently I use the version for v18.15.0.
If there are different projects relying on different versions of Node, I recommend installing a node versioning tool such as nvm.
Everything is ready, the installation command is as follows, which we execute in steps：
npm create vite@latest my-svelte-project -- --template svelte
cd my-svelte-project
npm install
First of all when we hit the line npm create vite@latest my-svelte-project -- --template svelte in the command line tool, wait for a moment and we can see:
The next step is to execute each of them as shown in the figure, execute cd my-svelte-project and npm install.
cd my-svelte-project takes you to the directory my-svelte-project that we just created successfully. Once in the directory, we run npm install to install all the dependencies needed by the project.
If you are better at using Typescript, then you can replace --template svelte with --template svelte-ts.
What if we execute the next line command（Can you tell the difference?）
npm create vite@latest my-svelte-app
That's right, we don't specify a template, that is, we don't specify which front-end library's template to use, so we get the following interface:
Since we are learning Svelte, then we can use the up and down arrow keys on the keyboard to check the Svelte option and enter;
In the next step, we select Javascript, and again, if you have mastered Typescript, you can select Typescript.
Enter and you get the same prompt you just did.
Again cd to the project directory and then execute install dependencies. After the npm install dependencies are installed, we run npm run dev to get our first Svelte project up and running.
In the code of the Github repository create-vite, we were able to find that what we downloaded is the file in the corresponding directory.
Visit http://localhost:5173 and if you can see the same page as I did, then congratulations, you've successfully taken the first step!
Original Installation
The original installation referred to here is actually the installation prompt that appears on the home page of the official website
npm create svelte@latest my-app
cd my-app
npm install
npm run dev -- --open
Run npm create svelte@latest my-app, it tells us to install create-svelte:
As you can see, the officially provided template is related to SvelteKit.
SvelteKit is a framework for building web applications using Svelte.
The relationship between Svelte and SvelteKit is the same as React and Next.js, or Vue and Nuxt.js. The former is a UI framework, while the latter is a web framework written based on the former. Therefore, the official website recommended installation that is through the SvelteKit to install.
Let's choose one of the templates at random and enter to confirm.
Later will continue to provide some options, according to their own preferences after the selection, we can see the following interface:
Customized Installation
If we don't want to use Vite or SvelteKit, or if we don't have the means to use them, then we need to integrate Svelte with our own environment. In our daily development, we usually use webpack or Rollup as our project's module management packaging tool. Therefore, I will introduce these two environments, how to build the Svelte environment.
Here I assume that after creating a webpack demo project or rollup demo project, in the directory we can have the following file:
The content within App.svelte is arbitrary and conforms to the Svelte file format;
The content of the index.js file is as follows:
import App from './App.svelte';
new App({
target: document.querySelector('#root')
});
The content of index.html file is as follows:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
<script src="./dist/index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
webpack
Another key to using Svelte in webpack, in addition to the essential svelte, is to install the svelte-loader
mkdir webpack-demo
cd webpack-demo
npm init -y
npm install webpack webpack-cli -D
npm install babel-loader @babel/core -D
npm install svelte svelte-loader
After installing the dependencies, modify the webpack configuration webpack.config.js:
const path = require("path");
module.exports = {
entry: "./src/index.js",
output: {
filename: "index.js",
path: path.resolve(__dirname, "dist"),
},
resolve: {
extensions: [".js", ".svelte"],
conditionNames: ["svelte"],
},
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.(js|ts)$/,
use: [{ loader: "babel-loader" }],
},
{
test: /\.(svelte)$/,
use: [
"babel-loader",
{
loader: "svelte-loader",
},
],
},
],
},
};
If there is a build command in the scripts in package.json, try npm run build; or execute the webpack command directly from the command line, you can see that there is a package directory dist, and index.html references the index.js file in the dist directory. If you open index.html directly in your browser, you can see the content defined in App.svelte.
Rollup
The key in Rollup is rollup-plugin-svelte.
import svelte from 'rollup-plugin-svelte';
import resolve from '@rollup/plugin-node-resolve';
export default {
input: './src/index.js',
output: {
file: 'dist/index.js',
format: 'umd'
},
plugins: [
svelte(),
resolve({
browser: true,
exportConditions: ['svelte'],
extensions: ['.svelte']
})
],
};
Usage
After the above series of installation instruction, I believe that you have already discovered how to use Svelte in projects. First of all, within the index.html file, provide a node that can be mounted, which is usually as follows (you can define it by yourself):
<div id="root"></div>
In the entry file index.js or main.js, define the following content:
import App from './App.svelte';
new App({
target: document.querySelector('#root')
})
App.svelte is our initial svelte file, and we mount the contents written in App.svelte to the defined root node.
Svelte files have .svelte as the file extension within the file.
<script>
// logic goes here
</script>
<style>
/* styles go here */
</style>
<!-- markup (zero or more items) goes here -->
All three sections — script, styles and markup — are optional.
VsCode Extension
We open the installed project in Vscode and add the Svelte extension. The extension provides us with syntax highlighting and smart detection when we write svelte files.
REPL
REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop), is a simple interactive programming environment. If you just want to simply learn the syntax of Svelte, but also feel that building a Svelte environment project is too much trouble, that Svelte official website for developers and learners to provide a REPL environment, in which we can quickly write a test of Svelte's various api syntax!
Go for a try!
Brief Summary
In this chapter we have learned:
- Installing Svelte with Vite
- Installing Svelte with SvelteKit
- Running Svelte in a webpack project
- Running Svelte in a Rollup project
- Svelte file's content format
- Some Svelte tools: VsCode plugin, REPL runtime environment, etc.
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