What is the point of using recursive functions when writing code?

Have you ever heard of recursion in programming? It's a cool technique where a function can call itself! It might sound a bit mind-bending at first, but once you understand how it works, it can be an incredibly helpful and interesting to implement in your programs.

Recursive functions are divided into 3 parts:

1. Base case
2. logic
3. Calling itself

Consider this implementation of the factorial(!) function:

function factorial(n) {
    if (n <= 1) { // base case.
        return 1;
    }
    return n * factorial(n - 1); // call itself. (combined with the logic)
}

A base case is a crucial component of a recursive function. It is responsible for preventing the function from calling itself repeatedly, which could result in a stack overflow error. Without a base case, the function would keep calling itself infinitely.

The logic is the part of the function that solves the most basic unit of the bigger problem you are trying to solve with recursion.

Finally, the recursive function has to call itself. That's what recursion is all about.

Now the advantages: ?!?!?!?

Readability: Recursive functions can often be more readable and easier to understand than iterative(loop) functions, especially for problems that have a natural recursive structure.

Conciseness: Recursive functions can be more concise than iterative ones, as they don't require explicit loop variables and increment operations

Modularity: Recursive functions can be more modular than iterative ones, as they can often be divided into smaller subproblems that can be solved recursively.

Tail-recursion optimization: Some programming languages can optimize tail-recursive functions, which can lead to better performance than iterative functions.

Tree-like data structures: Recursive functions are particularly well-suited to tree-like data structures, as they can easily traverse the structure using recursive calls.

However, recursion is not always the best way to implement a solution, here's why:

Space complexity: Recursive functions can sometimes have higher space complexity than iterative functions, as each recursive call adds a new stack frame to the call stack.

Stack overflow: Recursive functions can lead to stack overflow errors if the recursion depth becomes too large. This can be mitigated by using tail recursion or by using an iterative solution.

In conclusion, recursion in programming is a fascinating technique that opens up new avenues for solving problems. By allowing functions to call themselves, recursion offers a powerful approach to tackling complex tasks with elegance and simplicity.
However, it's crucial to recognize that recursion isn't always the optimal solution.