We found no structural connectivity differences between the groups. However, there was a significant group difference in functional connectivity and a significant group-by-region interaction driven by reduced LO connectivity in SZ relative to HC, whereas BD was approximately intermediate to the other 2 groups. We replicated this pattern of results using a different brain atlas. These findings support and extend theoretical models of perceptual dysfunction in SZ, providing a framework for further investigation of visual deficits linked to functional outcomes in SZ and related disorders.
There is an absence of research on the prevalence of bereavement during early childhood and the relationship between childhood bereavement and socioeconomic status (SES) and this poses a challenge in both understanding and supporting children's bereavement experiences. Using longitudinal data from the Growing Up in Scotland study, which tracks the lives of three nationally representative cohorts of children, this paper aimed to address these gaps in research. It specifically drew on data from Birth Cohort 1 to document the recorded bereavements of 2,815 children who completed all 8 sweeps of data collection, from age 10 months to 10 years.
The study found that 50.8% of all children are bereaved of a parent, sibling, grandparent or other close family member by age 8 and this rises to 62% by age 10. The most common death experienced was that of a grandparent or other close relative. The study also found that children born into the lowest income households are at greater risk of being bereaved of a parent orlly requiring specialist support. This paper thus seeks to position childhood bereavement more firmly within the public health approach to palliative and bereavement care discourse and contends that doing so provides a unique and comprehensive opportunity to better understand and holistically respond to the experience of bereavement during childhood.The pipeline of antibiotics has been for decades on an alarmingly low level. Considering the steadily emerging antibiotic resistance, novel tools are needed for early and easy identification of effective anti-infective compounds. In Gram-negative bacteria, the uptake of anti-infectives is especially limited. We here present a surprisingly simple in vitro model of the Gram-negative bacterial envelope, based on 20% (w/v) potato starch gel, printed on polycarbonate 96-well filter membranes. Rapid permeability measurements across this polysaccharide hydrogel allowed to correctly predict either high or low accumulation for all 16 tested anti-infectives in living Escherichia coli. Freeze-fracture TEM supports that the macromolecular network structure of the starch hydrogel may represent a useful surrogate of the Gram-negative bacterial envelope. A random forest analysis of in vitro data revealed molecular mass, minimum projection area, and rigidity as the most critical physicochemical parameters for hydrogel permeability, in agreement with reported structural features needed for uptake into Gram-negative bacteria. Correlating our dataset of 27 antibiotics from different structural classes to reported MIC values of nine clinically relevant pathogens allowed to distinguish active from nonactive compounds based on their low in vitro permeability specifically for Gram-negatives. The model may help to identify poorly permeable antimicrobial candidates before testing them on living bacteria.Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne, single-stranded DNA flavivirus that is teratogenic and neurotropic. Similar to the teratogenic effects of other TORCH infections, ZIKV infection during pregnancy can have an adverse impact on fetal and neonatal development. Epilepsy is detected in 48-96% of children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) and microcephaly. Early epilepsy surveillance is needed in children with prenatal ZIKV exposure; yet, most ZIKV-endemic regions do not have specialist epilepsy care. Here, we describe the demographic, clinical, imaging, and EEG characteristics of a 2-year-old child with CZS and microcephaly who presented with focal epileptiform activity, suboptimal growth, and severe neurodevelopmental delays. Administration of a brief seizure questionnaire by allied health professionals to the patient's caregiver helped to characterize the child's seizure semiology and differentiate focal from generalized seizure features. A telemedicine EEG interpretation platform provided valuable diagnostic information for the patient's local pediatrician to integrate into her treatment plan. This case illustrates that CZS can present with focal epilepsy features and that a telemedicine approach can be used to bridge the gap between epilepsy specialists and local care providers in resource limited ZIKV-endemic regions to achieve better seizure control in children with CZS.Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, a well-characterized epilepsy syndrome, is most commonly accompanied by the pathological feature of hippocampal sclerosis. Patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) typically present in childhood to early adolescence. We describe a cohort of patients who presented with their first epileptic seizure in late adulthood with atypical features. We characterized five patients with late-onset MTLE-HS by describing their demographics, electroclinical features, imaging, autoantibody status, and response to antiseizure medication (ASM) therapy. All five patients had their first seizure after the age of 50 with no history of initial precipitating incidents. None of our patients had positive serum or CSF autoantibodies and they have all remained seizure-free for a minimum of two years on ASMs alone. Two patients had motor vehicle crashes associated with seizures whilst three patients experienced seizures in sleep. A milder form of MTLE, previously described as benign TLE, does exist in routine clinical practice. These patients respond well to ASM therapy, but potentially harmful consequences such as motor vehicle crashes can occur in the untreated.Clobazam (CLB) was approved in October 2011 by the United States FDA as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in patients older than the age of 2. Due to its unique chemical design and selective binding to the alpha-2 GABA-receptor, CLB has a decreased tendency for sedation compared to other benzodiazepines. A recent literature review shows that sedation, hypersalivation (drooling), and behavior changes are the most common side effects of CLB. It has also been shown that a patient's level of consciousness is indirectly related to the risk of aspiration. Hypersalivation is too is a significant predisposing factor for aspiration. In this report, we present three adult patients with epilepsy who had aspiration pneumonia during treatment with CLB. Selleck ACT001 We would like to raise awareness of increased drooling and somnolence in patients with predisposing factors for aspiration such as treatment with CLB and emphasize vigilance in this regard.Selleck ACT001
Top comments (0)