Inner Join
SQL Query :
SELECT * FROM A INNER JOIN B ON A.KEY = B.KEY
Definition :
Select tables A & B and compare key values of table A and table B and return records which only have the identical key values in both tables of A & B. This is similar to the Set theory operation
Intersectionwhich is denoted by A ∩ B, the set containing all elements of A that also belong to B.
Left Join
SQL Query :
SELECT * FROM A LEFT JOIN B ON A.KEY = B.KEY
Definition :
Select tables A & B and compare key values of table A and table B and return all records of A which is in the left side of the sql query but in case of B which is in right side of sql query, only returns records that have the same key values of table A.
Right Join
SQL Query :
SELECT * FROM A RIGHT JOIN B ON A.KEY = B.KEY
Definition :
Select tables A & B and compare key values of table A and table B and return all records of B which is in the right side of the sql query but in case of A which is in left side of sql query, only returns records that have the same key values of table B.
Note :
1. ON clause is the more general than USING clause. One can join tables on a column, a set of columns and even a condition. For example:
SELECT * FROM city JOIN country ON city.country_code = country.country_code
2. USING is useful when both tables share a column of the exact same name on which they join. For example:
SELECT city.name, city_id FROM city JOIN country USING city_id
Full Outer Join
SQL Query :
SELECT * FROM A FULL OUTER JOIN B ON A.KEY = B.KEY
Definition :
Select tables A & B and compare key values of table A and table B and return all records of both A & B and fill in NULL for missing matches on either side.
Left Outer Join
SQL Query :
SELECT * FROM A LEFT OUTER JOIN B ON A.KEY = B.KEY WHERE B.KEY IS NULL
Definition :
Left outer join returns set of records from A, with the matching records in B (which are available). If there is no match, the right side will have null.
Right Outer Join
SQL Query :
SELECT * FROM A RIGHT OUTER JOIN B ON A.KEY = B.KEY WHERE A.KEY IS NULL
Definition :
Right outer join returns set of records from B, with the matching records in A (which are available). If there is no match, the left side will have null.
Full Outer Join without Intersection
SELECT * FROM A FULL OUTER JOIN B ON A.KEY = B.KEY WHERE A.KEY IS NULL OR B.KEY IS NULL
Definition :
Full outer join without intersection returns the set of records only in table A, but not in table B or the set of records only in table B, but not in table A. This clause returns all records that match the ON condition, excluding those are in common between two tables, or those records exist in both tables.
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