Manual Testing

Manual Testing

• Manual testing is a software testing process in which test cases are executed manually by testers without the use of automation tools.
• It is a fundamental method for identifying defects, ensuring software quality, and validating whether the software meets its requirements.

Common manual testing techniques

Technique-->Black Box Testing
Focus Area-->Input/Output functionality
Best For-->Validating requirements

Technique-->White Box Testing
Focus Area-->Internal code structure
Best For-->Code-level validation

Technique-->Usability Testing
Focus Area-->UI/UX
Best For-->User satisfaction

Technique-->Regression Testing
Focus Area-->Existing functionality
Best For-->Stability after changes

Technique-->Smoke/Sanity Testing
Focus Area-->Critical functionalities
Best For-->Initial checks post-build

Technique-->Compatibility Testing
Focus Area-->Environments (browsers, OS)
Best For-->Multi-platform support

Boundary Value Analysis

• Boundary Value Analysis is a black-box testing technique used to identify errors at the boundaries of input ranges.

For any given input range, BVA focuses on testing the following values:

1. Lower boundary (minimum value)
2. Just below the lower boundary (min - 1)
3. Just above the lower boundary (min + 1)
4. Upper boundary (maximum value)
5. Just below the upper boundary (max - 1)
6. Just above the upper boundary (max + 1)

Decision Table Testing

• Decision Table Testing is a black-box testing technique used to test complex business logic where the system behavior depends on multiple input conditions.
• Useful for applications with complex decision-making logic.
• Ensures all possible combinations of inputs and their corresponding outcomes are tested.

The future of manual testing in the age of AI

• The future of manual testing in the age of AI is evolving rapidly, but manual testing remains relevant and critical. While AI and automation tools are revolutionizing software testing by enhancing efficiency, manual testing still holds an irreplaceable role in areas requiring human judgment, creativity