Linux Commands for DevOps Professionals

1. id - Find user and group names and numeric IDs (UID or group ID) of the current or any other user.
   Example: id -u root

2. cd - Change Directory: Navigate to a different directory.
   Example: cd /home/user/documents

3. pwd - Print Working Directory: Display the current directory's full path.
   Example: pwd

4. mkdir - Make Directory: Create a new directory.
   Example: mkdir new_folder

5. rm - Remove: Delete files or directories.
   Example: rm file.txt

6. cp - Copy files or directories.
   Example: cp file.txt /backup

7. mv - Move files or directories.
   Example: mv file.txt /new_location

8. touch - Create an empty file.
   Example: touch new_file.txt

9. cat - Concatenate and display file content.
   Example: cat file.txt

10. nano - Text editor: Open a text file for editing.
    Example: nano file.txt

11. grep - Search for text patterns in files.
    Example: grep "pattern" file.txt

12. find - Search for files and directories.
    Example: find /path/to/search -name "file_name"

13. chmod - Change file permissions.
    Example: chmod 755 file.sh

14. chown - Change file or directory ownership.
    Example: chown user:group file.txt

15. ps - Display running processes.
    Example: ps aux

16. top - Monitor system processes in real-time.
    Example: top

17. kill - Terminate processes by ID. Use pkill to terminate by name.
    Example: kill PID

18. wget - Download files from the internet.
    Example: wget https://example.com/file.zip

19. less - View file content one screen at a time.
    Example: less test.log

20. tar - Archive and extract files.
    Example: tar -czvf archive.tar.gz folder

21. ssh - Securely connect to a remote server.
    Example: ssh user@remote_host

22. scp - Securely copy files between local and remote systems.
    Example: scp file.txt user@remote_host:/path

23. rsync - Synchronize files and directories between systems.
    Example: rsync -avz local_folder/ user@remote_host:remote_folder/

24. df - Display disk space usage.
    Example: df -h

25. du - Show the size of files and directories.
    Example: du -sh /path/to/directory

26. ifconfig - Network configuration (deprecated, use ip).
    Example: ifconfig

27. ip - Manage IP addresses and network settings.
    Example: ip addr show

28. netstat - Display network connections (deprecated, use ss).
    Example: netstat -tuln

29. systemctl - Manage system services.
    Example: systemctl start service_name

30. journalctl - View system logs.
    Example: journalctl -u service_name

31. free - Display the total amount of free space.
    Example: free -m

32. at - Run commands at a specified time.
    Example: echo "command" | at 15:30

33. ping - Check network connectivity to a host.
    Example: ping google.com

34. traceroute - Trace the route packets take to reach a host.
    Example: traceroute google.com

35. curl - Check website connectivity.
    Example: curl -Is https://example.com | head -n 1

36. dig - Retrieve DNS information for a domain.
    Example: dig example.com

37. hostname - Display or set the system's hostname.
    Example: hostname

38. who - Display currently logged-in users.
    Example: who

39. useradd - Create a new user account.
    Example: useradd newuser

40. usermod - Modify user account properties.
    Example: usermod -aG groupname username

41. passwd - Change user password.
    Example: passwd username

42. sudo - Execute commands as the superuser.
    Example: sudo command

43. lsof - List open files and processes using them.
    Example: lsof -i :port

44. nc - Networking utility to read and write data.
    Example: echo "Hello" | nc host port

45. sed - Text manipulation using regex.
    Example: sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt

46. awk - Pattern scanning and text processing.
    Example: awk '{print $2}' file.txt

47. cut - Extract specific columns from text.
    Example: cut -d"," -f2 file.csv

48. sort - Sort lines of text files.
    Example: sort file.txt

49. diff - Compare files line by line.
    Example: diff file1.txt file2.txt

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